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This physiologic inflammatory process is mediated by disruption of the alveolar\u2010vascular interface, leading to pulmonary oedema and impaired oxygen exchange, which often warrants mechanical ventilation to increase survival in the acute setting. One of the least understood aspects of ARDS is the role of the platelets in this process. Platelets, which protect vascular integrity, play a pivotal role in the progression and resolution of ARDS. The recent substantiation of the age\u2010old theory that megakaryocytes are found in the lungs has rejuvenated interest in and raised new questions about the importance of platelets for pulmonary function. In addition to primary haemostasis, platelets provide a myriad of inflammatory functions that are poised to aid the innate immune system. This review focuses on the evidence for regulatory roles of platelets in pulmonary inflammation, with an emphasis on two receptors, CLEC\u20102 and TLT\u20101. Studies of these receptors identify novel pathways through which platelets may regulate vascular integrity and inflammation in the lungs, thereby influencing the development of ARDS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T12:40:10Z","timestamp":1573130410000},"page":"641-651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Platelet biology of the rapidly failing lung"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"188","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3458-1822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. 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