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Alternative donor sources such as haploidentical HSCT expand the donor pool to nearly all patients with SCD, with recent data showing high overall survival, limited toxicities, and effective reduction in acute and chronic graft\u2010versus\u2010host disease (GVHD). Simultaneously, multiple gene therapy strategies are entering clinical trials with preliminary data showing their success, theoretically offering all patients yet another curative strategy without the morbidity and mortality of GVHD. As improvements are made for alternative donors in the allogeneic setting and as data emerge from gene therapy trials, the optimal curative strategy for any individual patient with SCD will be determined by many critical factors including efficacy, transplant morbidity and mortality, safety, patient disease status and preference, cost and applicability. Haploidentical may be the preferred choice now based mostly on availability of data; however, gene therapy is closing the gap and may ultimately prove to be the better option. Progress in both strategies, however, makes cure more attainable for the individual with SCD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,8]],"date-time":"2020-02-08T00:17:14Z","timestamp":1581121034000},"page":"408-423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Curative options for sickle cell disease: haploidentical stem cell transplantation or gene therapy?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"189","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4317-3879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis","family":"Leonard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA"},{"name":"Division of Hematology Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders Children's National Health System Washington DC USA"},{"name":"Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders Children's National Health System Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8535-9439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Tisdale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2019-0887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allistair","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders Children's National Health System Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)60614-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2017.05.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2017.08.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.10.3313"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-09-599423"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0805817"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-10-811505"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2017.169581"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mt.6300259"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21443"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-07-438408"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(19)30031-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.199414"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003548"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3007280"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032345"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI87885"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics of anti\u2010thymocyte globulin (ATG) following intravenous infusion in man","volume":"45","author":"Bunn D.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clinical Nephrology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-02-400937"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","first-page":"4609","article-title":"Longer term follow\u2010up on the first patients with severe hemoglobinopathies treated with lentiglobin gene therapy","volume":"130","author":"Cavazzana M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5466.669"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181b9d710"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-017-0062-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-08201-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2013.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","unstructured":"Daniel G. 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