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Transplant\u2010ineligible untreated multiple myeloma patients were randomised to Arm A (twice weekly bortezomib in one six\u2010week cycle followed by eight five\u2010week cycles of four times once weekly bortezomib with melphalan and prednisolone on days 1\u20134) or Arm B (nine four\u2010week cycles of three times once weekly bortezomib with melphalan and prednisolone on days 1\u20134). The primary end\u2010point was complete response (CR) rate. Of 91 patients randomised to two arms, 88 were eligible. The median cumulative bortezomib doses were 45\u00b78 and 35\u00b71\u00a0mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, CR rate was 18\u00b76% [95% confidence interval (CI) 8\u00b74\u201333\u00b74] and 6\u00b77% (95% CI 1\u00b74\u201318\u00b73), and the median progression\u2010free survival (PFS) was 2\u00b75 and 1\u00b74\u00a0years in Arms A and B [hazard ratio (HR) 1\u00b793 (95% CI 1\u00b709\u20133\u00b742)], respectively. Frequent grade \u22653 haematologic toxicities in Arms A and B were neutropenia (64\u00b74% vs. 28\u00b73%) and thrombocytopenia (35\u00b76% vs. 10\u00b79%). Grade 2\/3 peripheral neuropathy was observed in 24\u00b74\/2\u00b72% in Arm A and 8\u00b77\/0% in Arm B. In conclusion, Arm A was the more promising regimen, suggesting that the twice weekly schedule of bortezomib in the first cycle and higher cumulative dose of both bortezomib and melphalan influences the efficacy of modified MPB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]],"date-time":"2020-06-25T05:43:04Z","timestamp":1593063784000},"page":"531-541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Randomised phase II study to optimise melphalan, prednisolone, and bortezomib in untreated multiple myeloma (JCOG1105)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"192","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0654-6920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dai","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology National Cancer Center Hospital Tokyo 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