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IV iron is beneficial not only for true iron deficiency but also for iron\u2010restricted anaemia (functional iron deficiency). Yet, the literature on intravenous iron has many inconsistencies regarding its adverse effects. Over the last several years, newer forms of iron have been developed, leading to the more regular use of iron and in larger doses. This review will summarize some of the older and newer literature regarding the differences among iron products, including the mechanisms and frequency of their adverse events (AEs). The pathway and frequency of an underrecognized adverse event (hypophosphataemia) will be discussed. Recent insights on infection risk and iron handling by macrophages are examined. Potential but presently unproven risks of iron overload due to IV iron are discussed. The impact of these on the risk:benefit ratio and dosing of intravenous iron are considered in different clinical settings, including pregnancy and cancer. IV iron is an essential component of the therapy of anaemia and understanding these issues will enable more informed treatment decisions and knowledgeable use of these drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,21]],"date-time":"2020-11-21T00:59:44Z","timestamp":1605920384000},"page":"466-480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Intravenous iron: do we adequately understand the short\u2010 and long\u2010term risks in clinical practice?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"193","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4507-7306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Rund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebrew University\u2010Hadassah Medical Organization, Ein Kerem Jerusalem 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