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Different expressions of the tumour cell markers Cyclin D1 and sex\u2010determining region Y\u2010box transcription factor 11 (SOX11), and the immune markers cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3), CD4, CD8, CD25, forkhead box protein P3 (FoxP3), T\u2010box transcription factor TBX21 (T\u2010bet), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD\u20101), programmed\u2010death ligand 1 (PD\u2010L1) and CD163 were investigated for all\u2010cause mortality in 282 patients with MCL and time\u2010to\u2010progression (TTP) in 106 clinical trial patients. With increasing age, a significantly lower infiltration of CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes was seen. T\u2010cell infiltration was independent of cellular tumour antigen p53 (p53) expression, Ki\u201067, morphology and frequency of tumour cells. The all\u2010cause mortality was higher in patients with PD\u2010L1\u2010expression above cut\u2010off [hazard ratio (HR) 1\u00b797, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1\u00b718\u20133\u00b725, adjusted for sex and MCL International Prognostic Index (MIPI)] and a higher frequency of CD163<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells (continuously, HR 1\u00b751, 95% CI 1\u00b703\u20132\u00b723, adjusting for age, sex, morphology, Ki\u201067 and p53). In patients treated within the Nordic Lymphoma Group MCL2\/3 trials, TTP was shorter in patients with a higher frequency of FoxP3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells (HR 3\u00b722, 95% CI 1\u00b740\u20137\u00b743) and CD163<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells (HR 6\u00b709, 95% CI 1\u00b784\u201320\u00b721), independent of sex and MIPI. When combined a higher frequency of CD163<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> macrophages and PD\u2010L1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells or high CD163<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> macrophages and FoxP3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> regulatory T cells indicated worse outcome independent of established risk factors. The T\u2010cell infiltrate was in turn independent of molecular characteristics of the malignant cells and decreased with age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T03:16:13Z","timestamp":1615259773000},"page":"520-531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Infiltration of CD163\u2010, PD\u2010L1\u2010 and FoxP3\u2010positive cells adversely affects outcome in patients with mantle cell lymphoma independent of established risk factors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"193","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1806-331X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana M.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunotechnology Lund University Lund 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