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The pathognomonic t(14;18) translocation can no longer be thought of as the primary genetic driver, with increasing recognition of the biological relevance of recurrent genetic alterations in epigenetic regulators that now feature as a pivotal hallmark of this lymphoma subtype. Furthermore, sequencing studies have provided a near complete catalogue of additional genetic aberrations. Longitudinal and spatial genetic studies add an additional layer to the biological heterogeneity, providing preliminary molecular insights into high\u2010risk phenotypes such as early progressors and transformation, and also supporting evidence for the existence of persisting re\u2010populating cells that act as lymphoma reservoirs and harbingers for FL recurrence. Simultaneously, understanding of the tumour microenvironmental cues promoting lymphomagenesis and disease progression continue to broaden. 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