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Minor histocompatibility antigen (mHAg) peptides mediate alloreactive T cell responses and induce graft\u2010<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\u2010leukaemia responses when expressed on patient haematopoietic tissue. We vaccinated nine HA\u20101\u2010negative donors against HA\u20101 with a \u2018prime\u2013boost\u2019 protocol of either two or three DNA \u2018priming\u2019 vaccinations prior to \u2018boost\u2019 with modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA). HA\u20101\u2010specific CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell responses were observed in seven donors with magnitude up to 1\u00b75% of total CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell repertoire. HA\u20101\u2010specific responses peaked two weeks post\u2010MVA challenge and were measurable in most donors after 12\u00a0months. HA\u20101\u2010specific T cells demonstrated strong cytotoxic activity and lysed target cells with endogenous HA\u20101 protein expression. The pattern of T cell receptor (TCR) usage by HA\u20101\u2010specific T cells revealed strong conservation of T cell receptor beta variable 7\u20109 (TRBV7\u20109) usage between donors. These findings describe one of the strongest primary peptide\u2010specific CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell responses yet recorded to a DNA\u2013MVA prime\u2013boost regimen and this may reflect the strong immunogenicity of mHAg peptides. Prime\u2013boost vaccination in donors or patients may prove of substantial benefit in boosting graft\u2010<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\u2010leukaemia responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T07:49:31Z","timestamp":1622188171000},"page":"433-446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["DNA and modified vaccinia Ankara prime\u2013boost vaccination generates strong CD8<sup>+<\/sup> T cell responses against minor histocompatibility antigen HA\u20101"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"Suzy A.","family":"Eldershaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy College of Medical and Dental Sciences Birmingham 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