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Here, we report on a series of 13 patients with high\u2010risk R\/R AML, treated with repeated infusions of double\u2010bright (CD56<jats:sup>bright<\/jats:sup>\/CD16<jats:sup>bright<\/jats:sup>) expanded NK cells at an academic centre in Brazil. NK cells from HLA\u2010haploidentical donors were expanded using K562 feeder cells, modified to express membrane\u2010bound interleukin\u201021. Patients received FLAG, after which cryopreserved NK cells were thawed and infused thrice weekly for six infusions in three dose cohorts (10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\u201310<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup> cells\/kg\/infusion). Primary objectives were safety and feasibility. Secondary endpoints included overall response (OR) and complete response (CR) rates at 28\u201330\u2009days after the first infusion. Patients received a median of five prior lines of therapy, seven with intermediate or adverse cytogenetics, three with concurrent central nervous system (CNS) leukaemia, and one with concurrent CNS mycetoma. No dose\u2010limiting toxicities, infusion\u2010related fever, or cytokine release syndrome were observed. An OR of 78\u00b76% and CR of 50\u00b70% were observed, including responses in three patients with CNS disease and clearance of a CNS mycetoma. Multiple infusions of expanded, cryopreserved NK cells were safely administered after intensive chemotherapy in high\u2010risk patients with R\/R AML and demonstrated encouraging outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T07:28:18Z","timestamp":1630999698000},"page":"710-721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Adoptive immunotherapy with double\u2010bright (CD56<sup>bright<\/sup>\/CD16<sup>bright<\/sup>) expanded natural killer cells in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia: a proof\u2010of\u2010concept study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"195","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3892-6525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Silla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre RS Brazil"},{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Valim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4929-7525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annelise","family":"Pezzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ianae","family":"Wilke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Nobrega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alini","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna","family":"Amorin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna","family":"Zambonato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Scherer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joice","family":"Merzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Sekine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre RS Brazil"},{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Huls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence J.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6693-5392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dean A.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"SurveillanceINCEpidemiology and End Results (SEER) stat facts: leukemia\u2010acute myeloid leukemiahttps:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/statfacts\/html\/amyl.html:Accessed August 2020; 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