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We describe a case series of patients with a referral diagnosis of ECD, whereby the diagnosis was changed to non\u2010histiocytic diseases after comprehensive review at a tertiary care center. This accurate revision of the referral diagnosis of ECD enabled initiation of proper disease\u2010directed therapy in a timely manner for these patients and avoided unnecessary exposure to systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy or targeted agents. Our study highlights the value of a multidisciplinary team of histiocytosis experts in confirming the diagnosis of ECD and also brings attention to other conditions to consider that can mimic ECD, including osteopoikilosis, tenosynovial giant cell tumour, IgG4\u2010related disease, fibrous dysplasia and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T08:32:42Z","timestamp":1637397162000},"page":"984-994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Mimics of Erdheim\u2013Chester disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"196","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3939-6252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jithma P.","family":"Abeykoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology Department of Internal Medicine Rochester MN 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