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Here, our aim was to examine the changes in the immunophenotypic features during azacitidine treatment, correlating it with clinical response. Patients treated with 5\u2010azacitidine were evaluated at diagnosis and after three and six cycles of medication. Among 32 patients entering the study, 28 patients were examined after three\u00a0cycles and 25 patients after six. Patients showed a reduction in CD34\/CD117<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells: median 3.35% at diagnosis, 2.8% after three\u00a0cycles and 1.63% after six. B\u2010cell progenitors were decreased at diagnosis and decreased after treatment. Monocytes decreased: 11.91% to 6.4% and 4.18% respectively. Complete response was associated with increase in classical monocytes. T lymphocytes, reduced at diagnosis, increased in patients responding to 5\u2010azacitidine. Immunophenotypic aberrancies including expression of CD7 in myeloid progenitors remained after treatment. This feature was associated with a worse response to treatment, as well as presence of <jats:italic>NF1<\/jats:italic>. Immunophenotyping was feasible in all patients. Clinical response was associated with a decrease of myeloid progenitors and monocytes and a rise in T lymphocytes although phenotypic aberrancies persisted. The largest effect was observed after three\u00a0cycles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.18089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T09:30:09Z","timestamp":1645435809000},"page":"339-348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Immunophenotypic changes in juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia after treatment with hypomethylating agent: Do they help to evaluate dept of response?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"197","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2681-9359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita Frisanco","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Barretos Children\u00b4s Cancer Hospital  Barretos Brazil"},{"name":"Brazilian Co\u2010operative Group of Pediatric Myelodysplastic Syndrome (GCB\u2010SMD\u2010PED) Myeloproliferative Diseases Committee  Barretos 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