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Thus BP\u2010CML remains a critical unmet clinical need in the management of CML. Our understanding of the biology of BP\u2010CML continues to grow; genomic instability leads to acquisition of mutations which drive leukaemic progenitor cells to develop self\u2010renewal properties, resulting in differentiation block and a poor\u2010prognosis acute leukaemia which may be myeloid, lymphoid or bi\u2010phenotypic. Similar advances in therapy are urgently needed to improve patient outcomes; however, this is challenging given the rarity and heterogeneity of BP\u2010CML, leading to difficulty in designing and recruiting to prospective clinical trials. This review will explore the treatment of BP\u2010CML, evaluating the data for TKI therapy alone, combinations with intensive chemotherapy, the role of allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation, the use of novel agents and clinical trials, as well as discussing the most appropriate methods for diagnosing BP and assessing response to therapy, and factors predicting outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.18370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T03:13:36Z","timestamp":1658459616000},"page":"665-678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Treatment of blast phase chronic myeloid leukaemia: A rare and challenging entity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"199","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7655-016X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mhairi","family":"Copland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia 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