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Although some histologies are similar to lymphoid neoplasms seen in immunocompetent patients, treatment of PTLD may be different due to difference in pathobiology and higher risk of treatment complications. The most common treatment approach in SOT PTLD after failing immunosuppression reduction (RIS) takes into consideration a risk\u2010stratified sequential algorithm with rituximab +\/\u2212 chemotherapy based on phase 2 studies. In HSCT PTLD, RIS alone and chemotherapy are usually ineffective making rituximab +\/\u2212 RIS as the gold standard of frontline treatment. In this review, we give an update on the treatment of PTLD beyond RIS. We highlight the most recent studies that attempted to incorporate more aggressive chemotherapy regimens and novel treatments into the traditional risk\u2010stratified sequential approach. We also discuss the role of EBV\u2010cytotoxic T lymphocytes in treatment of EBV\u2010driven PTLD. Other novel agents with potential role in PTLD will be discussed in addition to the challenges that could arise with chimeric antigen receptor T\u2010cell therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.18763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T05:14:51Z","timestamp":1679462091000},"page":"383-395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Post\u2010transplant lymphoproliferative disorder: Update on treatment and novel therapies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"201","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3380-5326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suheil Albert","family":"Atallah\u2010Yunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology \u2013 Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Salman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology \u2013 Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lymphoma Program, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology \u2013 Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21708"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1702693"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000169035.10572.c6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.01972.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200511103531919"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-04-213892"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.01845.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15263"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-6135.2003.00274.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2010.03387.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-05-615872"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-09-178046"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"2208","article-title":"Risk of lymphoproliferative disorders after bone marrow transplantation: a multi\u2010institutional study","volume":"94","author":"Curtis RE","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11247542"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13324"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14603"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-01-643569"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3046.2001.00059.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200104270-00012"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"European best practice guidelines for renal transplantation. 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