{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:14:19Z","timestamp":1790007259731,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,21]],"date-time":"2023-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011692","name":"Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011692","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Haematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>In high\u2010risk myeloid malignancy, relapse is reduced using cord blood transplant (CBT) but remains the principal cause of treatment failure. We previously described T\u2010cell expansion in CBT recipients receiving granulocyte transfusions. We now report the safety and tolerability of such transfusions, T\u2010cell expansion data, immunophenotype, cytokine profiles and clinical response in children with post\u2010transplant relapsed acute leukaemia who received T\u2010replete, HLA\u2010mismatched CBT and pooled granulocytes within a phase I\/II trial (ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT05425043). All patients received the transfusion schedule without significant clinical toxicity. Nine of ten patients treated had detectable measurable residual disease (MRD) pre\u2010transplant. Nine patients achieved haematological remission, and eight became MRD negative. There were five deaths: transplant complications (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092), disease (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093), including two late relapses. Five patients are alive and in remission with 12.7\u2009months median follow up. Significant T\u2010cell expansion occurred in nine patients with a greater median lymphocyte count than a historical cohort between days 7\u201313 (median 1.73\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/L vs. 0.1\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/L; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Expanded T\u2010cells were predominantly CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and effector memory or TEMRA phenotype. They exhibited markers of activation and cytotoxicity with interferon\u2010gamma production. All patients developed grade 1\u20133 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) with elevated serum IL\u20106 and interferon\u2010gamma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.18863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T05:50:36Z","timestamp":1684734636000},"page":"589-598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Granulocyte transfusion during cord blood transplant for relapsed, refractory <scp>AML<\/scp> is associated with massive <scp>CD8<\/scp><sup>+<\/sup> T\u2010cell expansion, significant cytokine release syndrome and induction of disease remission"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"202","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4260-4457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roisin","family":"Borrill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust  Manchester UK"},{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kay","family":"Poulton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Laboratory Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust  Manchester UK"},{"name":"Manchester Academic Health Science Centre University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Kusyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Routledge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Bonney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramya","family":"Hanasoge\u2010Nataraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeleine","family":"Powys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omima","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srividhya","family":"Senthil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Dillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Kings College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jelena","family":"Jovanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Kings College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzy","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Blood and Transplant  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beki","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Children's Hospital Leeds General Infirmary  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanchan","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust  London 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