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Limited access to magnetic resonance imaging and angiography (MRI\u2010MRA) in sub\u2010Saharan Africa impedes detection of clinically unapparent cerebrovascular injury. Blood\u2010based brain biomarkers of cerebral infarcts have been identified in non\u2010SCA adults. Using plasma samples from a well\u2010characterized cross\u2010sectional sample of Ugandan children with SCA, we explored relationships between biomarker levels and MRI\u2010detected cerebral infarcts and transcranial Doppler (TCD) arterial velocity. Testing was performed using a 4\u2010plex panel of brain injury biomarkers, including neurofilament light chain (NfL), a central nervous system neuron\u2010specific protein. Mean biomarker levels from the SCA group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200981) were similar to those from non\u2010SCA sibling controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200954). Within the SCA group, NfL levels were significantly higher in those with MRI\u2010detected infarcts compared to no infarcts, and higher with elevated TCD velocity versus normal velocity. Elevated NfL remained strongly associated with MRI\u2010detected infarcts after adjusting for sex and age. All non\u2010SCA controls and SCA participants lacking MRI\u2010detected infarcts had low NfL levels. These data suggest potential utility of plasma\u2010based NfL levels to identify children with SCA cerebrovascular injury. Replication and prospective studies are needed to confirm these novel findings and the clinical utility of NfL versus MRI imaging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.19036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T18:53:09Z","timestamp":1692211989000},"page":"460-467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Neurofilament light chain: A potential biomarker for cerebrovascular disease in children with sickle cell anaemia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"203","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9877-1561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy S.","family":"Green","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Rosano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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