{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T10:05:07Z","timestamp":1787306707913,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Haematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Monoclonal immunoglobulin M\u2010associated type I cryoglobulinaemia is poorly characterised. We screened 534 patients with monoclonal IgM disorders over a 9\u2010year period and identified 134 patients with IgM type I cryoglobulins. Of these, 76% had Waldenstr\u00f6m macroglobulinaemia (WM), 5% had other non\u2010Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and 19% had IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Clinically relevant IgM\u2010associated disorders (including cold agglutinin disease [CAD], anti\u2010MAG antibodies, amyloidosis and Schnitzler syndrome) coexisted in 31%, more frequently in MGUS versus WM\/NHL (72% vs. 22%\/29%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The majority of those with cryoglobulins and coexistent CAD\/syndrome had the molecular characteristics of a CAD clone (wild\u2010type <jats:italic>MYD88<\/jats:italic> in 80%). A half of all patients had active manifestations at cryoglobulin detection: vasomotor (22%), cutaneous (16%), peripheral neuropathy (22%) and hyperviscosity (9%). 16\/134 required treatment for cryoglobulin\u2010related symptoms alone at a median of 38\u2009days (range: 6\u2013239) from cryoglobulin detection. At a median follow\u2010up of 3\u2009years (range: 0\u201310), 3\u2010year cryoglobulinaemia\u2010treatment\u2010free survival was 77% (95% CI: 68%\u201384%). Age was the only predictor of overall survival. Predictors of cryoglobulinaemia\u2010related treatment\/death were hyperviscosity (HR: 73.01; 95% CI: 15.62\u2013341.36, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and cutaneous involvement (HR: 2.95; 95% CI: 1.13\u20137.71, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028). Type I IgM cryoglobulinaemia is more prevalent than previously described in IgM gammopathy and should be actively sought.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.19112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T18:44:09Z","timestamp":1695149049000},"page":"177-185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Clinical and clonal characteristics of monoclonal immunoglobulin M\u2010associated type I cryoglobulinaemia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"204","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4993-7828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jahanzaib","family":"Khwaja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology University College London Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josephine M. I.","family":"Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology Amsterdam UMC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa E.","family":"Pluimers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology Amsterdam UMC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Japzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology University College London Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aisha","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology University College London Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Salter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Services Laboratories  London 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