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COVID\u201019 vaccines (BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1) were administered before, during or after cytoreductive treatment comprising rituximab (depletes B cells) and either bendamustine (depletes CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells) or cyclophosphamide\u2010based chemotherapy. Blood samples obtained after vaccine doses 1 and 2 (V1, V2) were analysed for antibodies and T cells reactive to the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 spike protein using the Abbott Architect and interferon\u2010gamma ELISpot assays respectively. Compared to 149 healthy controls, patients with FL exhibited lower antibody but preserved T\u2010cell responses. Within the FL cohort, multivariable analysis identified low pre\u2010treatment serum IgA levels and V2 administration during induction or maintenance treatment as independent determinants of lower antibody and higher T\u2010cell responses, and bendamustine and high\/intermediate FLIPI\u20102 score as additional determinants of a lower antibody response. Several clinical scenarios were identified where dichotomous immune responses were estimated with &gt;95% confidence based on combinations of predictive variables. In conclusion, the immunogenicity of COVID\u201019 vaccines in FL patients is influenced by multiple disease\u2010 and treatment\u2010related factors, among which B\u2010cell depletion showed differential effects on antibody and T\u2010cell responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.19562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T07:26:31Z","timestamp":1718263591000},"page":"440-451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Immunogenicity of <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 vaccines in patients with follicular lymphoma receiving frontline chemoimmunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"205","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9022-2904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeong Jer","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular &amp; Clinical Cancer Medicine University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"},{"name":"The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eloise","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Kronsteiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Malone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisy","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saoirse","family":"Healy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Longet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry John Radcliffe Hospital  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; 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