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Forty\u2010seven patients aged 17\u201362 were enrolled with 14 patients having completed the planned 12 cycles. Following initiation, 72.3% responded positively after the first cycle, peaking at 77.2% by the fifth cycle. Notably, 24 patients maintained sustained responses throughout a median follow\u2010up of 1050\u2009days (range, 866\u20131234). Overall survival, leukaemia\u2010free survival and event\u2010free survival probabilities at 3\u2009years were 69.5%, 60.4% and 35.7% respectively. Cumulative incidences of relapse and non\u2010relapse mortality were 36.5% and 4.3% respectively. Multivariate analysis identified that receiving pre\u2010emptive treatment for fewer than six cycles and the absence of chronic graft\u2010versus\u2010host disease after intervention was significantly associated with poorer clinical outcomes. The combination of azacitidine with IFN\u2010\u03b1 was well\u2010tolerated with no observed severe myelotoxicity, and the majority of adverse events were reversible and manageable. In conclusion, the use of azacitidine in conjunction with IFN\u2010\u03b1 as pre\u2010emptive therapy is a safe and effective treatment to prevent disease progression in AML\/MDS patients with MRD positivity post\u2010allo\u2010HSCT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.19628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T23:51:00Z","timestamp":1720050660000},"page":"1067-1076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Azacitidine combined with interferon\u2010\u03b1 for pre\u2010emptive treatment of <scp>AML<\/scp>\/<scp>MDS<\/scp> after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: A prospective phase <scp>II<\/scp> study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"205","author":[{"given":"Chongmei","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai 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