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Despite known differences in physiology, haematopoiesis, molecular profiles, drug pharmacokinetics, treatment\u2010related toxicities and treatment experience, males and females receive standardized and identical treatment for most HMs. Previous published work has demonstrated disparities in female representation in cancer clinical trials and highlighted a paucity of information on differential treatment outcomes and toxicities by sex. We analysed references of 182 clinical trials which form the basis of recent treatment guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network and found a minority (17\/9.3%) did not report the sex distribution of trial participants. However, a majority (165\/90.6%) did not report sex\u2010disaggregated outcomes. Of those that did, 36.5% showed outcome differences by sex. Academic leadership by women in the assessed trials as well as in guidelines committees was disproportionately lower than their representation in the profession. 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