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More than 95% of CMML patients harbour somatic mutations. CMML must be separated from other myeloid neoplasms and reactive monocytosis. The clinical presentation of CMML varies, but most frequently shows signs and symptoms of haematopoietic insufficiency or myeloproliferation. Robust instruments are available for assessing the prognosis of patients with CMML, such as the CMML\u2010specific prognostic scoring system molecular. Treatment options for patients with CMML are still inadequate and generally less effective than those for other myeloid neoplasms. The only curative approach is allogeneic stem cell transplantation. This article explains essential aspects of CMML pathophysiology and provides an overview of diagnostic considerations, prognostic assessment and therapeutic options.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.20213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T01:36:03Z","timestamp":1750815363000},"page":"350-364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Clinical management of\n                    <scp>CMML<\/scp>\n                    \u2014State of the art"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"207","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5893-2298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Nachtkamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf  D\u00fcsseldorf 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