{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T05:07:47Z","timestamp":1758085667926,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82400270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82400270"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Haematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The life expectancy of most chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients is nearly comparable to that of the general population owing to the application of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Hence, focus has shifted towards long\u2010term adverse effects, especially the emergence of secondary malignancies. A retrospective study from 11 institutions was performed in 139 CML patients with secondary malignancies. The median ages at diagnosis of CML and secondary malignancy were 51\u2009years (range, 13\u201388\u2009years) and 53\u2009years (range, 18\u201391\u2009years). After a median follow\u2010up of 85\u2009months, the median time from diagnosis of CML to secondary malignancy was 48\u2009months (range, 1\u2013264\u2009months). The use of two or more TKIs was a significant risk factor for the latency period of secondary malignancies (odds risk [OR] of 4.281, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.369\u201313.390, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012). Male sex was an independent risk factor associated with worse overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] of 0.329, 95% CI 0.138\u20130.779, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012) and event\u2010free survival (HR of 3.640, 95% CI 1.485\u20138.925, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005). Endocrine neoplasm was the most common subtype (28.8%, 40\/139). Gastrointestinal, genitourinary and cutaneous malignancies demonstrated a male predominance. Then, male sex was associated with inferior outcomes in CML patients with secondary malignancies, and prospective studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.20226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T02:00:17Z","timestamp":1751940017000},"page":"834-841","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Secondary malignancies after chronic myeloid leukaemia upon <scp>TKI<\/scp> treatment: Population trends and outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"207","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5537-0357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingling","family":"Zu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University &amp; Henan Cancer Hospital  Zhengzhou Henan 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People's Hospital of Zhengzhou  Zhengzhou Henan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuli","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Zhengzhou Central Hospital  Zhengzhou Henan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Nanyang Central Hospital  Nanyang Henan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongmian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Huaihe Hospital of Henan University  Kaifeng Henan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Anyang District Hospital  Anyang Henan 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Zhengzhou Henan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6056-6079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University &amp; Henan Cancer Hospital  Zhengzhou Henan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4615-7586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongping","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou Henan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bingcheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology &amp; 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