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Healthcare practices, clinical trials eligibility and medication dosing are often influenced by the definition of neutropenia. In many regions, however, neutropenia has been defined by the ANC distribution of Duffy\u2010positive individuals, which may be unsuitable for decision\u2010making in Duffy null individuals. This review describes the association between Duffy status, <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic> exposure, racial or ethnic groupings and ANC. We outline biological and iatrogenic associations between Duffy antigen status and health outcomes and recommend changes to healthcare practices required to ensure equity for Duffy null individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.20258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T07:29:22Z","timestamp":1753082962000},"page":"737-749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Duffy antigen: A narrative review of testing, epidemiology, neutrophil counts and clinical consequences"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"207","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3663-2742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen P.","family":"Hibbs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Institute for Population Health Queen Mary University of London  London 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