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Historical treatment strategies have included intensification of conventional ALL chemotherapy in combination with acute myeloid leukaemia treatment elements. However, outcomes have remained consistently poor compared to the advances that have been seen in childhood ALL. The emergence of novel immunotherapies has transformed treatment strategies, with blinatumomab now incorporated into clinical trials for infants with\n                    <jats:italic>KMT2A<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010rearranged ALL, promising significant advancements. Additionally, deeper insights into the unique biology of\n                    <jats:italic>KMT2A<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010rearranged ALL have facilitated the development of targeted therapies, such as venetoclax and menin inhibitors, which are under clinical evaluation. These efforts offer renewed hope for better outcomes. This review highlights the substantial progress in understanding and treating K\n                    <jats:italic>MT2A<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010rearranged ALL, fuelling optimism for future therapeutic success. In addition, we highlight the challenges that might be faced by using immunotherapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.70166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T01:50:12Z","timestamp":1759369812000},"page":"2246-2260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Infant acute lymphoblastic leukaemia\u2014Progress from worldwide clinical efforts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"207","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3420-9470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil","family":"Barrett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology Children's Health Ireland  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja A.","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California 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