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We examined total IGF\u2010I concentrations and risk of MM by combining baseline serological data among UK Biobank participants (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009444\u2009187; 732 incident MM) with a two\u2010sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis using identified genetic variants associated with circulating total IGF\u2010I and IGF\u2010binding protein 3 (IGFBP\u20103) in the InterLymph consortium (2434\u2009MM and their 2567 controls). Finally, additional lymphoid neoplasm (LN) subtypes were included for comparison with the main hypothesis. Circulating IGF\u2010I level was positively associated with MM risk Hazard ratio\u2010HR\u2010per one standard deviation\u2010SD\u2010increase (HR\n                    <jats:sub>1\u2010SD<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01\u20131.22;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010value\u2009=\u20090.03), especially closer to diagnosis. Genetically inferred IGF\u2010I levels were associated with increased MM risk (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20091.27, 95% CI: 1.05\u20131.54) but not with any other LNs. Genetically inferred IGFBP\u20103 levels showed no associations with any LN evaluated. Corroborating previous findings, in a secondary analysis, IGF\u2010I levels were associated with the risk of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia\/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL\/SLL) in males with higher body mass index (HR\n                    <jats:sub>1\u2010SD in obese male<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.36, 95% CI: 1.14\u20131.61). Our serological and MR analyses suggest a contributing role of IGF\u2010I in the susceptibility of MM; the CLL\/SLL findings warrant further investigation considering sex\u2010specific adiposity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.70444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T05:18:54Z","timestamp":1774329534000},"page":"1942-1953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Circulating levels of insulin\u2010like growth factor I (\n                    <scp>IGF<\/scp>\n                    \u2010I) and risk of multiple myeloma: An observational and Mendelian randomisation study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"208","author":[{"given":"Yolanda","family":"Benavente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology  L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal and Child Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Universitat de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Hermosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology  L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikos","family":"Papadimitriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolism Branch International Agency for Research on Cancer  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Clay\u2010Gilmour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina  Columbia South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4498-7858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth E.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan N.","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel","family":"Rothman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja I.","family":"Berndt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demetrius","family":"Albanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Purdue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6538-9705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitchell J.","family":"Machiela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Chanock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5173-4712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan L.","family":"Slager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7482-178X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James R.","family":"Cerhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5862-1833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Rajkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaji 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T.","family":"Hildebrandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lymphoma\/Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roel C. H.","family":"Vermeulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Utrecht University  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. Martijn","family":"Kolijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Utrecht University  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Hjalgrim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haematology, Danish Cancer Institute Danish Cancer Society  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Haematology Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Copenhagen University  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin Ekstr\u00f6m","family":"Smedby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Clinical Epidemiology Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Hematology Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2453-0183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harindra","family":"Jayasekara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Division Cancer Council Victoria  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University  Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0352-1165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Cheah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Division Cancer Council Victoria  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Monnereau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Group, Inserm, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne  Paris France"},{"name":"Paris Cit\u00e9 (CRESS) Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes  Paris France"},{"name":"Registre des H\u00e9mopathies malignes de la Gironde Institut Bergoni\u00e9  Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Grossman School of Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Arslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Grossman School of Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yawei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola J.","family":"Camp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huntsman Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology and Hematological Malignancies University of Utah School of Medicine  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas W.","family":"Sborov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huntsman Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology and Hematological Malignancies University of Utah School of Medicine  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afaf E. G.","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huntsman Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology and Hematological Malignancies University of Utah School of Medicine  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elad","family":"Ziv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Immaculata","family":"De Vivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. 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