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The objective of this study was to evaluate the real\u2010world health outcomes of aggressive B\u2010cell lymphoma patients treated with publicly funded chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T\u2010cell therapy in Ontario, Canada, compared to historical controls. We conducted a population\u2010based retrospective cohort study among patients treated for R\/R aggressive B\u2010cell lymphoma in Ontario between January 2013 and June 2023. The cohort consisted of patients who received commercially available CAR T cells between 1 January 2019 and 30 June 2023 and historical controls who were treated with the standard of care between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2018, before public funding for CAR T\u2010cell treatments was available. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to balance patients' characteristics across the two groups. The cohort included 314 CAR T\u2010cell patients and 106 historical controls. The median follow\u2010up time was 29.6\u2009months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 26.1\u201333.0), and the median overall survival was 15.1\u2009months (95% CI, 11.1\u201326.3) and 4.8\u2009months (95% CI, 3.8\u20136.4) for CAR T\u2010cell\u2010treated patients and historical controls (hazard ratio 0.50, 95% CI 0.38\u20130.65) respectively. These results support the benefit of CAR T\u2010cell treatment for patients with R\/R aggressive B\u2010cell lymphoma in routine clinical care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.70632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T03:15:44Z","timestamp":1783394144000},"page":"1230-1238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative effectiveness of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T\u2010cell therapy versus historical controls in patients with relapse\/refractory aggressive B\u2010cell lymphoma: An indirect treatment comparison in the real\u2010world setting"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"209","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0944-1721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre J. A.","family":"Villeneuve","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine The Ottawa Hospital  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Ottawa Health Research Institute  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Mozessohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Ices  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Odette Cancer Centre Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Sunnybrook Research Institute  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nibene H.","family":"Som\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario)  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Management and Evaluation University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9264-7797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca E.","family":"Mercer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunnybrook Research Institute  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control (ARCC)  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Masucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy University of Waterloo  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Kouroukis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario)  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Hamilton Health Sciences McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Bredeson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine The Ottawa Hospital  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Ottawa Health Research Institute  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario)  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suriya","family":"Aktar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario)  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunnybrook Research Institute  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anca","family":"Prica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9528-3669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine I.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Rodin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Radiation Medicine Program Princess Margaret Cancer Centre  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Ices  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Odette Cancer Centre Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Sunnybrook Research Institute  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munaza","family":"Chaudhry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario)  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Gavura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario)  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassandra","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario)  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William W. 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