{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:43Z","timestamp":1789948843915,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Haematol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Most patients treated for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) fail to achieve measurable residual disease (MRD) negativity. The role of maintenance with the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide in these patients is unclear. A randomised multicentre phase III trial (ACTRN12610000060044) was conducted in Australia and France to assess the effect of 2\u2009years of daily lenalidomide maintenance versus observation in patients with CLL and residual disease after initial immunochemotherapy. The primary end\u2010point was time to disease progression or death from randomisation. Between May 2011 and January 2018, 143 patients were randomised to receive lenalidomide (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200971) or observation (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200972). Median progression\u2010free survival (PFS) was longer with lenalidomide at 64.6\u2009months (95% confidence interval [CI] 47.7 to not reached) versus 42.4\u2009months (95% CI 32.3\u201361.6) in the observation arm (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.039). Lenalidomide benefit persisted for 3\u2009years after maintenance cessation. There was no difference in overall survival. More patients taking lenalidomide achieved MRD negativity, especially those who received at least 20 maintenance cycles. Lenalidomide led to more cytopenias, infections and gastrointestinal effects. There were no cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. In patients with CLL selected by the presence of residual disease at the end of initial chemoimmunotherapy, lenalidomide maintenance increased the chance of achieving MRD negativity and prolonged PFS.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.70850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T23:20:30Z","timestamp":1789946430000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lenalidomide maintenance after initial immunochemotherapy in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia\u2014Final analysis of the international phase\n                    <scp>III CLL6 RESIDUUM<\/scp>\n                    study of the\n                    <scp>ALLG<\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>FILO<\/scp>\n                    groups"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Th\u00e9r\u00e8se","family":"Aurran\u2010Schleinitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Paoli Calmettes  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2437-2656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00e9mi","family":"Letestu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology AP\u2010HP, Avicenne Hospital  Bobigny France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Sartor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney  Camperdown New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1928-2098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Mulligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney  Camperdown New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6569-7414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie C.","family":"B\u00e9n\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Nantes University Hospital  Nantes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavin","family":"Cull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3239-6065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dennis","family":"Carney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Macallum Cancer Centre The Royal Melbourne Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Renwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria 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