{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T23:47:48Z","timestamp":1792108068676,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015459","name":"Danish Cancer Society Research Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R355\u2010A20520\u201023\u2010S3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R355\u2010A20520\u201023\u2010S3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015459","name":"Danish Cancer Society Research Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R150\u2010A10023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R150\u2010A10023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008897","name":"Janssen Pharmaceutica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Haematol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Frailty is common in multiple myeloma (MM) and is associated with inferior outcomes. Knowledge on quality of life (QoL) primarily originates from clinical trials, where frail patients are often not included. In this nationwide, longitudinal observational study, QoL was assessed in 681 Danish patients with newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) or relapsed or refractory MM (RRMM) with symptomatic disease using patient\u2010reported outcomes collected over 2\u2009years of follow\u2010up between 2017 and 2021. Patients were categorized as fit, intermediate\u2010fit or frail according to the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) frailty score. Preselected QoL domains from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Core 30 (QLQ\u2010C30), the Chemotherapy\u2010Induced Peripheral Neuropathy module (EORTC QLQ\u2010CIPN20) and the Short\u2010form health survey (SF12) questionnaires were analysed using linear mixed models and interpreted in terms of clinical relevance. At inclusion, frail patients reported clinically relevant lower global QoL and physical functioning, and more fatigue compared to fit patients. Frail NDMM patients reported improvement in global QoL and pain during follow\u2010up, whereas physical functioning and fatigue remained unchanged. Frail RRMM patients reported unchanged global QoL and fatigue, and deterioration in physical functioning and more pain during follow\u2010up. Our results based on a real\u2010world population show that QoL findings from clinical trial populations cannot directly be applied to frail patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.70870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T23:05:04Z","timestamp":1792105504000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Frailty and quality of life in a real\u2010world multiple myeloma population"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4705-2866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klara F. K.","family":"Rydahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality of Life Research Center, Department of Haematology Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Affective Disorders Aarhus University Hospital\u2010Psychiatry  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0858-4269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f6ren","family":"M\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1278-9198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trine Allerslev","family":"Horsb\u00f8l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0676-2685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birgit Bjerre","family":"H\u00f8yer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OPEN, Open Patient Data Explorative Network Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo Amdi","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology Zealand University Hospital  Roskilde Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Helleberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology Copenhagen University Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Klostergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Gregersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology Aalborg University Hospital  Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7525-7765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Farmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology Vejle Hospital  Vejle Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"Frederiksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology Hospital of Southern Jutland  S\u00f8nderborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne K\u00e6rsgaard","family":"Mylin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten Saaby","family":"Steffensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology G\u00f8dstrup Hospital  Herning Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per Tr\u00f8llund","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology South West Jutland Hospital  Esbjerg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8605-9422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ida Bruun","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Haematology Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Abildgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality of Life Research Center, Department of Haematology Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Haematology Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2083-3870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lene Kongsgaard","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality of Life Research Center, Department of Haematology Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Haematology G\u00f8dstrup Hospital  Herning Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1527198","article-title":"Global, regional and national epidemiological trends of multiple myeloma from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study 2021","volume":"13","author":"Zhuge L","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2016002493","article-title":"Recent trends in multiple myeloma incidence and survival by age, race, and ethnicity in the United States","volume":"1","author":"Costa LJ","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-05-612960","article-title":"How I treat fragile myeloma patients","volume":"126","author":"Larocca A","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e412","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2017.183475","article-title":"Dramatically improved survival in multiple myeloma patients in the recent decade: results from a Swedish population\u2010based study","volume":"103","author":"Thorsteinsdottir S","year":"2018","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-12-615187","article-title":"Geriatric assessment predicts survival and toxicities in elderly myeloma patients: an international Myeloma Working Group report","volume":"125","author":"Palumbo A","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation","volume":"40","author":"Charlson ME","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1963.03060120024016","article-title":"Studies of illness in the aged. The index of Adl: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function","volume":"185","author":"Katz S","year":"1963","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"609","article-title":"Scales to measure competence in everyday activities","volume":"24","author":"Lawton MP","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29119","article-title":"Health\u2010related quality of life in older adult survivors of selected cancers: data from the SEER\u2010MHOS linkage","volume":"121","author":"Kent EE","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.12882","article-title":"A systematic review of health\u2010related quality of life in longitudinal studies of myeloma patients","volume":"99","author":"Nielsen LK","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-005-8661-z","article-title":"Relationship between multimorbidity and health\u2010related quality of life of patients in primary care","volume":"15","author":"Fortin M","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e628","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(22)00172-6","article-title":"Association of IMWG frailty score with health\u2010related quality of life profile of patients with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma in Italy and the UK: a GIMEMA, multicentre, cross\u2010sectional study","volume":"3","author":"Efficace F","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114153","article-title":"Quality of life gains in frail and intermediate\u2010fit patients with multiple myeloma: findings from the prospective HOVON123 clinical trial","volume":"207","author":"Seefat MR","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0272-0","article-title":"The majority of newly diagnosed myeloma patients do not fulfill the inclusion criteria in clinical phase III trials","volume":"33","author":"Klausen TW","year":"2019","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-019-02304-8","article-title":"Strategies to improve patient\u2010reported outcome completion rates in longitudinal studies","volume":"29","author":"Nielsen LK","year":"2020","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"86","volume-title":"EORTC QLQ\u2010C30 scoring manual","author":"Fayers PMAN","year":"2001"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.2174\/1574886318666230817162424","article-title":"Chemotherapy\u2010induced peripheral neuropathy impacts quality of life and activities of daily living of Brazilian multiple myeloma patients","volume":"19","author":"Miranda Drummond PL","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Drug Saf"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003","article-title":"A 12\u2010item short\u2010form health survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity","volume":"34","author":"Ware J","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-024-03707-y","article-title":"Relationship between reasons for intermittent missing patient\u2010reported outcomes data and missing data mechanisms","volume":"33","author":"Nielsen LK","year":"2024","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40900-018-0105-3","article-title":"User involvement in a Danish project on the empowerment of cancer patients \u2010 experiences and early recommendations for further practice","volume":"4","author":"J\u00f8rgensen CR","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res Involv Engagem"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S99463","article-title":"The Danish National Multiple Myeloma Registry","volume":"8","author":"Gimsing P","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810394715","article-title":"Danish education registers","volume":"39","author":"Jensen VM","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494811399956","article-title":"Introduction to Danish (nationwide) registers on health and social issues: structure, access, legislation, and archiving","volume":"39","author":"Thygesen LC","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810387965","article-title":"The Danish civil registration system","volume":"39","author":"Pedersen CB","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","unstructured":"WareJ KosinskiM KellerS.SF\u201012: How to Score the SF\u201012 Physical and Mental Health Summary Scales.1998."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15759","article-title":"Methodological aspects of health\u2010related quality of life measurement and analysis in patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"185","author":"Nielsen LK","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2022.10.003","article-title":"Safety, feasibility, and efficacy of exercise interventions for people with multiple myeloma: a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Nicol JL","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-023-01058-5","article-title":"The effect of exercise interventions on quality of life in patients with multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"23","author":"Goodhew RE","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Exp Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123866","article-title":"Subcutaneous bortezomib in multiple myeloma patients induces similar therapeutic response rates as intravenous application but it does not reduce the incidence of peripheral neuropathy","volume":"10","author":"Minarik J","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2018.03.027","article-title":"Health\u2010related quality of life after autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma","volume":"24","author":"Chakraborty R","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.70068","article-title":"Frailty dynamics and their impact on QoL in patients undergoing autologous HCT for multiple myeloma: results from a multicentre GETH\u2010TC study","volume":"207","author":"Tolosa\u2010Ridao C","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2021.05.002","article-title":"Trajectory of symptoms in patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplant for multiple myeloma: a population\u2010based cohort study of patient\u2010reported outcomes","volume":"21","author":"Ebraheem MS","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2025.09.007","article-title":"Changes in frailty categorization over one year among real\u2010world patients with multiple myeloma: a prospective cohort study (MFRAIL)","volume":"26","author":"Haider I","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","article-title":"Uncovering the ultra\u2010frail: a distinct subgroup in non\u2010transplant eligible newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma, with an inferior clinical outcome","volume":"9","author":"Groen K","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hema"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Haematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bjh.70870","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/bjh.70870","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bjh.70870","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T23:05:08Z","timestamp":1792105508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bjh.70870"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bjh.70870"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjh.70870","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1048","1365-2141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1048","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"bjh.70870"}}