{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:42:57Z","timestamp":1792201377174,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Haematol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) relies on donor\u2010derived T cells to mediate the graft\u2010versus\u2010tumour (GVT) effect, but relapse may result from impaired immune reconstitution, tumour antigen downregulation or T\u2010cell exhaustion. This prospective phase I study evaluated the safety and efficacy of the PD\u20101 inhibitor, nivolumab, in enhancing GVT post\u2010alloHSCT and explored the impact of baseline T\u2010cell phenotypes on clinical outcomes. Fourteen patients with relapsed\/refractory haematological malignancies post\u2010alloHSCT received nivolumab every 2\u2009weeks for up to 48\u2009weeks. Six achieved complete remission, all with chronic lymphoid malignancies. Patients with myeloid malignancies or acute lymphoblastic leukaemia had inferior progression\u2010free survival (4.3 vs. 11.7\u2009months,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and overall survival (43.6\u2009months vs. undefined,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) than those with chronic lymphoid malignancies. Nine serious adverse events occurred, including four dose\u2010limiting toxicities due to graft\u2010versus\u2010host disease (GVHD) or pneumonitis. Patients who developed GVHD had higher T\u2010cell activation at baseline and achieved early clinical responses. These findings confirm that nivolumab can promote GVT post\u2010alloHSCT, particularly in lymphoid disorders. Baseline immunophenotype (effector memory T cells, Human Leukocyte Antigen \u2013 DR isotype [HLA\u2010DR]) and gene expression (granzyme A [GZMA], granzyme B [GZMB], perforin [PRF1]) can be used as biomarkers to help identify patients most likely to benefit from salvage checkpoint inhibition.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.70883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:27:01Z","timestamp":1792200421000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prospective phase I study of nivolumab to promote graft\u2010versus\u2010tumour in relapsed or refractory haematological malignancy post allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9124-8981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trung Q.","family":"Ngo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Haematology Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"ACRF Translational Research Laboratory Royal Melbourne Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4438-5817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Haematology Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"ACRF Translational Research Laboratory Royal Melbourne Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology and Olivia Newton\u2010John Cancer Research Institute Austin Hospital  Heidelberg Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4887-5960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne E.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACRF Translational Research Laboratory Royal Melbourne Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4052-8910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mandy","family":"Ludford\u2010Menting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACRF Translational Research Laboratory Royal Melbourne Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0454-1353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Klass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Haematology Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"ACRF Translational Research Laboratory Royal Melbourne Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9259-4856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara K.","family":"Dohrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Haematology Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1627-8934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Koldej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACRF Translational Research Laboratory Royal Melbourne Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7329-6605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Haematology Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"ACRF Translational Research Laboratory Royal Melbourne Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6283","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003418","article-title":"How much has allogeneic stem cell transplant\u2010related mortality improved since the 1980s? 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