{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T02:38:07Z","timestamp":1791427087392,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,15]],"date-time":"2014-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["British J Health Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n In studies involving theoretical constructs, it is important that measures have good content validity and that there is not contamination of measures by content from other constructs. While reliability and construct validity are routinely reported, to date, there has not been a satisfactory, transparent, and systematic method of assessing and reporting content validity. In this paper, we describe a methodology of discriminant content validity (\n DCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and illustrate its application in three studies.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Discriminant content validity involves six steps: construct definition, item selection, judge identification, judgement format, single\u2010sample test of content validity, and assessment of discriminant items. In three studies, these steps were applied to a measure of illness perceptions (\n IPQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n R<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and control cognitions.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The\n IPQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n R<\/jats:styled-content>\n performed well with most items being purely related to their target construct, although timeline and consequences had small problems. By contrast, the study of control cognitions identified problems in measuring constructs independently. In the final study, direct estimation response formats for theory of planned behaviour constructs were found to have as good\n DCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n as\n L<\/jats:styled-content>\n ikert format.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n The\n DCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n method allowed quantitative assessment of each item and can therefore inform the content validity of the measures assessed. The methods can be applied to assess content validity before or after collecting data to select the appropriate items to measure theoretical constructs. Further, the data reported for each item in Appendix\u00a0S1 can be used in item or measure selection.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n \n \n \n \n Statement of contribution<\/jats:title>\n <\/jats:caption>\n \n \n What is already known on this subject?<\/jats:bold>\n <\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:p>\n There are agreed methods of assessing and reporting construct validity of measures of theoretical constructs, but not their content validity. Content validity is rarely reported in a systematic and transparent manner.<\/jats:p>\n \n \n What does this study add?<\/jats:bold>\n <\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:p>\n \n \n \n \n The paper proposes discriminant content validity (\n DCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), a systematic and transparent method of assessing and reporting whether items assess the intended theoretical construct and\n only<\/jats:italic>\n that construct.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n In three studies,\n DCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n was applied to measures of illness perceptions, control cognitions, and theory of planned behaviour response formats.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Appendix\u00a0S1 gives content validity indices for each item of each questionnaire investigated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Discriminant content validity is ideally applied while the measure is being developed, before using to measure the construct(s), but can also be applied after using a measure.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:boxed-text>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,15]],"date-time":"2014-03-15T05:21:07Z","timestamp":1394860867000},"page":"240-257","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Discriminant content validity: A quantitative methodology for assessing content of theory\u2010based measures, with illustrative applications"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Marie","family":"Johnston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Health Sciences University of Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Centre for Health Psychology Manchester University Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liz","family":"Glidewell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Health Sciences University of Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carin","family":"Schr\u00f6der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth","family":"Pollard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Health Sciences University of Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0749\u20105978(91)90020\u2010T"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022\u20101031(86)90045\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08870441003681307"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466699164022"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_6_1","unstructured":"Azjen I.(2006).Constructing a theory of planned behavior questionnaire. 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