{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:42:45Z","timestamp":1792122165410,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,17]],"date-time":"2018-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Health Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \n Exercise (planned, structured, repetitive movement) improves pain and function in people with persistent musculoskeletal pain (\n PMSK<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), but adherence is often poor. This systematic review evaluates the evidence from randomized controlled trials (\n RCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n s) on the effectiveness of interventions to improve exercise adherence in people with\n PMSK<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a0and describes the content, context, and theoretical underpinning of behaviour change interventions designed to increase adherence.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Nine electronic databases were searched from inception dates to August 2017. Studies were included if they were\n RCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n s\u00a0that included adults with\n PMSK<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u22653\u00a0months; \u2265one measure of exercise adherence,\u00a0exercise prescribed to both groups, and employed \u2265one behaviour change technique (\n BCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in the treatment group. Independent data extraction, theory coding,\n BCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n taxonomy coding, and quality assessment using Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) tool was conducted by two reviewers.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Eight\n RCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n s (five low, three high RoB) met inclusion criteria. Five trials reported between\u2010group differences in exercise adherence, favouring the treatment group. Three trials reported theoretical underpinning. There was moderate evidence that five\n BCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n s, social support, goal setting, instruction of behaviour, demonstration of behaviour, and practice\/rehearsal, improved exercise adherence. Interventions employing \u2264seven\n BCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n s, unique to those included in the control group, were most effective at enhancing exercise adherence.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Limited moderate\u2010quality evidence supports using a small number of\n BCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n s to enhance exercise adherence in people with\n PMSK<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Further research should explore the associations and synergies between\n BCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n s and explicitly report how theory was utilized. This may inform recommendations for health care professionals working with this population.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n \n \n \n \n Statement of contribution<\/jats:title>\n <\/jats:caption>\n \n \n What is already known on this subject?<\/jats:bold>\n <\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:p>\n \n \n \n Exercise (i.e., planned, structured, repetitive movements) improves pain and function in people with persistent musculoskeletal pain (PMSK).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Many people with PMSK do not adhere to exercises prescribed by a health care professional.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Little research has explored how to enhance adherence to prescribed exercise in people with PMSK.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n \n \n What does this study add?<\/jats:bold>\n <\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:p>\n \n \n \n Moderate\u2010quality evidence from eight trials suggests behaviour change interventions enhance exercise adherence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Social support, goal setting, demonstration, instruction, and rehearsal were employed in effective interventions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Interventions with \u22647 behaviour change techniques were more effective at improving adherence than those employing >7.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:boxed-text>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,18]],"date-time":"2018-06-18T01:10:19Z","timestamp":1529284219000},"page":"10-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":133,"title":["Behaviour change techniques associated with adherence to prescribed exercise in patients with persistent musculoskeletal pain: Systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8600-0129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura B.","family":"Meade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences King's College London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay M.","family":"Bearne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences King's College London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise H.","family":"Sweeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery King's College London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samah H.","family":"Alageel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences King's College London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma L.","family":"Godfrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences King's College London UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN) King's College London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2009.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory","author":"Bandura A.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"Planning health promotion programs: An intervention mapping approach","author":"Bartholomew L. 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