{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T20:32:43Z","timestamp":1789590763357,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]],"date-time":"2019-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"British Tinnitus Association (BTA)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Health Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n Tinnitus is a very common experience, and although usually mild, in a significant proportion of people, it is intrusive, persistent, and disabling. This paper explores the lived experience of chronic disabling tinnitus, with the aim of understanding how distress and chronicity occur, and what might help to reduce this.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n \n Nine individuals were interviewed 6\u00a0months after completing mindfulness\u2010based cognitive therapy (\n MBCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) as part of a randomized controlled trial. The results reported here focus on their experiences of tinnitus before receiving\n MBCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Data were collected through semi\u2010structured, face\u2010to\u2010face interviews with a clinical psychologist, and an interpretative phenomenological analysis approach was used.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Two supraordinate themes emerged. \u2018Living with tinnitus\u2019 describes a range of significant and profound life changes that result from the condition. Tinnitus can be a life\u2010altering condition affecting thoughts, emotions, attention, behaviour, and the social world. \u2018The health care journey\u2019 shows how chronic distress was intensified by unhelpful health communications and alleviated by helpful consultations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Tinnitus is a biopsychosocial condition, and associated distress is affected by cognitive, behavioural, attentional, and social factors. The individuals\u2019 initial reactions to tinnitus interact with the responses of others, including health care professionals. The burden of tinnitus could be reduced by developing early interventions that offer clear, helpful, and realistic information about tinnitus and appropriate treatments.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n \n \n \n \n Statement of contribution<\/jats:title>\n <\/jats:caption>\n \n \n What is already known on this subject?<\/jats:bold>\n <\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:p>\n \n \n \n Tinnitus is the experience of an internal sound without an external sound source.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n It can be troubling, disabling, and chronic and usually has no clear medical cause or medical treatment, but psychological interventions are promising.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Cognitive, behavioural, and attentional factors play a role in distress and therapeutic outcome.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Clinical encounters are improved by aligning patient and clinician and sharing decision\u2010making.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n \n \n What does this study add?<\/jats:bold>\n <\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:p>\n \n \n \n It is the first in\u2010depth study exploring how tinnitus distress and health care systems interact.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n It shows how a biopsychosocial approach to tinnitus may reduce tinnitus burden more effectively than a biomedical, diagnostic\u2010focused approach.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n It indicates how effective early health care information could be used to reduce chronic tinnitus distress.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:boxed-text>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]],"date-time":"2019-01-04T13:43:02Z","timestamp":1546609382000},"page":"250-264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Living with tinnitus and the health care journey: An interpretative phenomenological analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6560-0670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Marks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Bath UK"},{"name":"Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Bath UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"McKenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16513860801899355"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118783009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(96)00171-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e31821106dd"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60469-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2018.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/713680250"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20100124"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16513860801959100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2017_AJA-16-0129"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","volume-title":"Manual of the tinnitus questionnaire","author":"Hallam R. S.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2005\/084)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21642850.2015.1128332"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"CD005233","article-title":"Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus","volume":"9","author":"Martinez\u2010Devesa P.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Systematic Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-014-2973-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2016.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-2914-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2014.00196"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000478267"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203731017-70","volume-title":"Scott Brown's Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery: Head & Neck Surgery","author":"McKenna L.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-10-68"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2018.1468093"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12308"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"499","volume-title":"Hearing and deafness","author":"Ramsdell D. A.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/461090"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","volume-title":"Interpretative phenomenological analysis: Theory, method and research","author":"Smith J. A.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14768320600941756"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00045-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6446(05)03594-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2012.752111"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Health Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fbjhp.12351","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bjhp.12351","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/bjhp.12351","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bjhp.12351","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T16:14:26Z","timestamp":1761754466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bjhp.12351"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bjhp.12351"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjhp.12351","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-107X","2044-8287"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-107X","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-8287","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-08-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-01-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}