{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T16:45:29Z","timestamp":1761756329348,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Health Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The route into the body for many pathogens is through the eyes, nose and mouth (i.e., the \u2018T\u2010zone\u2019) via inhalation or fomite\u2010based transfer during face touching. It is important to understand factors that are associated with touching the T\u2010zone to inform preventive strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify theory\u2010informed predictors of intention to reduce facial \u2018T\u2010zone\u2019 touching and self\u2010reported \u2018T\u2010zone\u2019 touching.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a nationally representative prospective questionnaire study of Canadians. Respondents were randomized to answer questions about touching their eyes, nose, or mouth with a questionnaire assessing 11 factors from an augmented Health Action Process Approach at baseline: intention, outcome expectancies, risk perception, individual severity, self\u2010efficacy, action planning, coping planning, social support, automaticity, goal facilitation and stability of context. At 2\u2010week follow\u2010up, we assessed HAPA\u2010based indicators of self\u2010regulatory activities (awareness of standards, effort, self\u2010monitoring) and self\u2010reported behaviour (primary dependent variable).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 656 Canadian adults recruited, 569 responded to follow\u2010up (87% response rate). Across all areas of the \u2018T\u2010zone\u2019, outcome expectancy was the strongest predictor of intention to reduce facial \u2018T\u2010zone\u2019 touching, while self\u2010efficacy was a significant predictor for only the eyes and mouth. Automaticity was the strongest predictor of behaviour at the 2\u2010week follow\u2010up. No sociodemographic or psychological factors predicted behaviour, with the exception of self\u2010efficacy, which negatively predicted eye touching.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings suggest that focusing on reflective processes may increase intention to reduce \u2018T\u2010zone\u2019 touching, while reducing actual \u2018T\u2010zone\u2019 touching may require strategies that address the automatic nature of this behaviour.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T22:09:55Z","timestamp":1680214195000},"page":"893-913","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Reducing touching eyes, nose and mouth (\u2018T\u2010zone\u2019) to reduce the spread of infectious disease: A prospective study of motivational, volitional and non\u2010reflective predictors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3265-6579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mackenzie","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Program Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5778-6441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary M.","family":"van Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Program Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"School of Psychology University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8015-8243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy 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