{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T06:54:02Z","timestamp":1765349642714,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000866","name":"Cardiff University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000866","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002802","name":"Cardiff Metropolitan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002802","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Health Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the relationship between motivation and COVID\u201019 infection\u2013prevention behaviour during the first 2\u2009years of the COVID\u201019 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Prospective longitudinal online survey in a UK community\u2010based cohort.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n During March\/April 2020,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200911,113 people, recruited via the HealthWise Wales research registry and social media advertising, completed the COVID\u201019 Public Experiences (COPE) study baseline survey, with follow\u2010up at 3, 12, 18 and 24\u2009months. Online questionnaires assessed COVID\u201019 infection\u2013prevention behaviour, perceived susceptibility, fear, personal control over infection transmission and reliability of information from media and government. Repeated\u2010measures ANOVA identified changes in motivation and behaviour over time. Multivariable regression models at each time point assessed associations between motivation and behaviour.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n COVID\u201019 infection\u2013prevention behaviour and motivational variables (fear of COVID\u201019, perceived susceptibility and perceived control) fluctuated over time as the disease and socio\u2010political environment changed, decreasing overall by 24 months. Regression models for association between motivational variables and COVID\u201019 infection\u2013prevention behaviour were statistically significant at three (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n (10, 5981)<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u200976.69,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001, adjusted\n R<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n .112), 12 (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n (11, 3732)<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u200948.40,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001, adjusted\n R<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n .122), 18 (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n (11, 3665)<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u2009108.34,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001, adjusted\n R<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n .243) and 24 months (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n (11, 3355)<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u2009136.20,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001, adjusted\n R<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n .306). Higher levels of fear, older age, lower perceived personal control over infection transmission, more trust in government and less trust in social media were associated with more infection\u2013prevention behaviour.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Motivation to engage in infection\u2013prevention behaviour during a pandemic is multi\u2010factorial and dynamic. Beliefs about infection and trust in government and media need to be considered in developing effective communication strategies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.70034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T11:40:32Z","timestamp":1762515632000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Are you afraid of\n COVID<\/scp>\n \u201019? Motivation and engagement in infection\u2013prevention behaviour in a\n UK<\/scp>\n community cohort during the first 2\u2009years of the\n COVID<\/scp>\n \u201019 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4256-4598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rhiannon","family":"Phillips","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Sport and Health Science Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Britt","family":"Hallingberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Sport and Health Science Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Torrens\u2010Burton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Trials Research Cardiff University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Glennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Sport and Health Science Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Sellars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Sport and Health Science Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherina","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Sport and Health Science Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleysha","family":"Caffoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Sport and Health Science Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wouter","family":"Poortinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Cardiff University Cardiff UK"},{"name":"Welsh School of Architecture Cardiff University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Wahl\u2010Jorgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Journalism, Media and Culture Cardiff University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denitza","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00236.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15922.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329172000224X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/135910710X485826"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"British Medical Association. 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