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Little is known about whether participants are aware of these changes. This preregistered secondary analysis assesses objective and subjective reactivity to the sensor\u2010based measurement of PA (steps, light PA [LPA], moderate\u2010to\u2010vigorous PA [MVPA]) and sedentary behaviour (SB) in adults with and without attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression and insulin resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intensive longitudinal design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two existing datasets were used, comprising 354 adults (64% female;\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u200935.63, SD\n                      <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u200913.98;\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>BMI<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u200926.27, SD\n                      <jats:sub>BMI<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20095.85) who wore an accelerometer for 7\u2009days and self\u2010reported whether they changed their PA due to the activity tracker (i.e. subjective measurement reactivity). Objective measurement reactivity was defined as decreases in PA and increases in SB.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Multilevel models found small, but significant decreases of PA over the study period and from the first study day(s) to the remaining study days. Yet, over 90% of participants indicated to have\n                      <jats:italic>(rather) not<\/jats:italic>\n                      changed their PA. SB did not systematically change. Subjective measurement reactivity and clinical diagnoses were not related to measurement reactivity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Steps, LPA and MVPA, but not SB, systematically changed in line with common definitions of measurement reactivity. Yet, most participants were unaware of these changes, potentially because changes were small. Measurement reactivity may be predominantly driven by unconscious mechanisms and appears universal, with no differences found by diagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.70115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:49:36Z","timestamp":1792147776000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["(Un)aware of change? Objective and subjective reactivity to the sensor\u2010based measurement of physical activity and sedentary behaviour"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6325-3249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alea","family":"Ruf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith R.","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2769-5944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrich W.","family":"Ebner\u2010Priemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental mHealth Lab Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)  Karlsruhe Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0992-634X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Reif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital  Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3655-8842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura M.","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7666-9534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silke","family":"Matura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.70124"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2022.2055024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063\u2010019\u20104040\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000292"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db07\u20101605"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"108","volume-title":"Handbook of research methods for studying daily life","author":"Barta W. 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