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Meta\u2010synthesis methodology was utilized to review and draw together findings from 10 articles, from which key concepts were extracted, and over\u2010arching themes generated. Six themes were identified to encompass the experience of TDs, including (1) cultural, semantic issues of the condition; (2) negative experiences in organizations and treatment; (3) the value and negative impact on interpersonal relationships; (4) personal identity in the constant presence of TDs; (5) concerns for the future; and (6) strategies to control and manage the observable presence of tics. Adaptive coping strategies were found to encompass continuous social adaptation, strategies to manage tics and social perceptions, self\u2010acceptance, advocacy, and support from others. The results highlighted the significant role of social and cultural issues related to understanding and stigma, which underpinned many of the lived experiences. Implications for clinical practice in supporting individuals with TDs were also highlighted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjop.12118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,26]],"date-time":"2015-02-26T11:19:29Z","timestamp":1424949569000},"page":"609-634","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["The lived experiences of individuals with Tourette syndrome or tic disorders: A meta\u2010synthesis of qualitative studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Heather","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences Section for Clinical and Health Psychology University of Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.E.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences Section for Clinical and Health Psychology University of Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penny","family":"Trayner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences Section for Clinical and Health Psychology University of Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102288\u20108\u201021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469\u20107610.00366"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.160.1.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732306295879"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/135581902320432732"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/20456601"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1548\u20101387.2008.00013.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17730\/humo.68.3.6u38g015964754vp"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022\u20103999(02)00584\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta15430"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2012.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","volume-title":"Tourette syndrome and human behavior","author":"Comings D. 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