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The aim of this review is to improve our understanding of these associations while unifying a currently fragmented literature\u2010base into a structured, practical review. In this pre\u2010registered scoping review, we searched for relevant studies in MEDLINE (PubMed), PsycINFO (EBSCO), Web of Science and EMBASE using terms related to sleep and ostensibly paranormal experiences and beliefs. Forty\u2010four studies met all inclusion criteria. All were cross\u2010sectional and most investigated sleep paralysis and\/or lucid dreaming in relation to ostensibly paranormal experiences and paranormal beliefs. Overall, there were positive associations between many sleep variables (including sleep paralysis, lucid dreams, nightmares, and hypnagogic hallucinations) and ostensibly paranormal experiences and paranormal beliefs (including those of ghosts, spirits, and near\u2010death experiences). The findings of this review have potential clinical implications such as reducing misdiagnosis and treatment development and provide foundations for further research. Our findings also highlight the importance of understanding why so many people report \u2018things that go bump in the night\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjop.12655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T04:03:32Z","timestamp":1681790612000},"page":"797-818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Associations between sleep variables and ostensibly paranormal experiences and paranormal beliefs: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8963-7603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Betul","family":"Rauf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Goldsmiths, University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rotem","family":"Perach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Goldsmiths, University of London London UK"},{"name":"School of Social Sciences University of Westminster London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan J.","family":"Madrid\u2010Valero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Health Science University of Alicante Alicante Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Denis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of York York UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian A.","family":"Sharpless","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Goldsmiths, University of London London UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Pennsylvania State University State College Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hope","family":"Farron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Exeter Exeter UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher C.","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Goldsmiths, University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice M.","family":"Gregory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Goldsmiths, University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"349","article-title":"Sleepwalking and spontaneous parapsychological experiences: A research note","volume":"62","author":"Alvarado C. 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