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Through five studies, this research explored the psychological mechanisms and boundary conditions between economic inequality and unethical behaviour. Study 1 (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009165,622) provided primary evidence for the relationship between inequality and unethical behaviour based on large\u2010scale publicly available databases. Using well\u2010established questionnaires, Study 2 (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009394) indicated that economic inequality positively predicted immoral and competitive normative climates, which positively predicted unethical behaviour. Study 3 (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009160) and Study 4 (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009188) provided causal evidence for the effect of economic inequality and repeatedly verified the mediating roles of immoral and competitive normative climates. Study 5 (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009300) indicated that income level moderated the effect of economic inequality on unethical behaviour by moderating the mediating effect of immoral and competitive normative climates. In societies with high inequality, participants in low\u2010income groups perceived stronger immoral and competitive normative climates, thereby engaging in more unethical behaviours. This research offers explanations for the prevalence of unethical behaviours in unequal societies, contributing to extend the emerging literature in social\u2010ecological psychology that explores how macro\u2010social\u2010ecological factors impact micro\u2010behaviours.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjop.70048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T05:30:39Z","timestamp":1766554239000},"page":"1056-1077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Economic inequality fosters unethical behaviour by promoting the perception of immoral and competitive normative climates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Mental Health, Faculty of Psychology Shandong Normal University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Philosophy and Social Development Shandong University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingxin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Mental Health, Faculty of Psychology Shandong Normal University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1668-7033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Institute of Developmental Psychology Beijing Normal University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aswp.12150"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajsp.12108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2016.120"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","first-page":"347","article-title":"US income inequality and tax evasion: A synthesis","volume":"31","author":"Bloomquist K. 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