{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T06:50:05Z","timestamp":1791528605015,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["024.005.010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["024.005.010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91812607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91812607"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005075","name":"Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005075","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J of Psychology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMA) of psychological constructs enables examination of between\u2010person differences and within\u2010person fluctuations across timescales: across days and within days. Research has mostly focused on between\/within\u2010person levels and on affect dynamics, leaving potential within\u2010person timescale distinctions and self\u2010reported cognitive processes understudied. We applied multilevel variance decomposition to EMA items from the\n                    <jats:italic>HowNutsAreTheDutch<\/jats:italic>\n                    study (30\u2009days; three daily beeps\/assessments;\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091299;\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200960,189; 84% female; mean age\u2009=\u200939; range\u2009=\u200916\u201386), partitioning their variance into: between\u2010person, within\u2010person\/across days, within\u2010person\/within\u2010day (structured by the beeps), and residual\/unexplained within\u2010person\/within\u2010day variance. We analysed positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), and self\u2010reported cognitive processes across three domains: evaluative, perseverative, and concentration. Cognitive items showed higher average between\u2010person variance than NA and PA (61.8%, 53.1%, 34.5%, respectively). Within\u2010person\/across days variance was moderate (7%\u201315.9%), while structured within\u2010person\/within\u2010day variance was minimal (0.3%\u20132.8%). Residual variance was largest for PA, then NA, and smallest for cognition (averages of 47%, 33.4%, 26.9%, respectively). Total within\u2010person variance (across days, within day, and residual) was comparable to between\u2010person variance for most items, and exceeded it for PA, suggesting that psychological variables contain both state and trait components to varying degrees. Overall, results revealed heterogeneous variance profiles, which are dependent on construct type, level of observation, and timescale.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjop.70114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T06:03:16Z","timestamp":1791525796000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Variance profiles of affective and cognitive processes in daily life: Differences between people, across days, and within days"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8914-2172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos","family":"Ross\u2010Adelman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health Program  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4913-8532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fridtjof","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychometrics and Statistics, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences University of Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7140-1536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Aalbers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health Program  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2826-4537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bertus F.","family":"Jeronimus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences University of Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"The Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"de Jonge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences University of Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4344-5766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Femke","family":"Lamers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health Program  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7779-9672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brenda W. J. H.","family":"Penninx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health Program  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Bates D. M\u00e4chler M. &Dai B.(2011).lme4: Linear Mixed\u2010Effects Models Using S4 Classes. 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Hiekkaranta A. Kunkels Y. Eisele G. Verhoeven D. vanNierop M. &Germeys I.(2018).The experience sampling method (ESM) item repository. 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