{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:05:39Z","timestamp":1790679939068,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Social Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This paper contests what has remained a core assumption in social psychological and general understandings of the Milgram experiments. Analysing the learner\/victim\u2019s rhetoric in experimental sessions across five conditions (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0170), it demonstrates that what participants were exposed to was not the black\u2010and\u2010white scenario of being pushed towards continuation by the experimental authority and pulled towards discontinuation by the learner\/victim. Instead, the traditionally posited explicit collision of \u2018forces\u2019 or \u2018identities\u2019 was at all points of the experiments undermined by an implicit collusion between them: rendering the learner\/victim a divided and contradictory subject, and the experimental process a constantly shifting and paradoxical experiential\u2010moral field. As a result, the paper concludes that evaluating the participants\u2019 conduct requires an understanding of the experiments where morality and non\u2010destructive agency were not simple givens to be applied to a transparent case, but had to be re\u2010created\n                    <jats:italic>anew<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013 in the face not just of their explicit denial by the experimenter but also of their implicit denial by the victim.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjso.12369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T07:45:38Z","timestamp":1582875938000},"page":"900-921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Saving a victim from himself: The rhetoric of the learner\u2019s presence and absence in the Milgram experiments"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9910-0172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Kaposi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Open University Milton Keynes UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Responsibility and judgment","author":"Arendt H.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8309.2012.02096.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Arguing and thinking: A rhetorical approach to psychology","author":"Billig M.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511490088"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0957926599010004005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461445606059546"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0959354315604408"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-99094-1_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.2979\/2967.0","volume-title":"The sign of three: Dupin, Holmes, Peirce","author":"Eco U.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511611216.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8309.2012.02103.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/pcs.2008.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466603763276117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8309.2011.02070.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032430"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josi.12069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/qup0000040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108367943"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjso.12272"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0959354317693120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001426"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-lawsocsci-110316-113710"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjso.12247"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josi.12072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2016.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjso.12074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjso.12099"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0190272516648967"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjso.12206"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466604X18983"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","volume-title":"Doing qualitative research differently: A psychosocial approach","author":"Hollway W.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5914.2011.00473.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8309.2011.02074.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jtsb.12137"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0040525"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872676501800105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","volume-title":"Obedience to authority: An experimental view","author":"Milgram S.","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","volume-title":"The obedience experiments: A case study of controversy in social science","author":"Miller A. 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