{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:46:42Z","timestamp":1792147602023,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Social Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Grievance\u2014the feeling of being or having been collectively wronged by an outgroup\u2014has gained attention in majority groups facing perceived status threats or norm transgressions. Although grievance can elicit negative emotions, its role in shaping violence\u2010related tendencies remains unclear. This research examines the emotional pathways linking grievance to violence justification and aggressive intergroup inclinations among majority group members. Across three studies (correlational, field\u2010based with active protesters and experimental) within the Catalonia\u2010Spanish State conflict, we explore whether grievance is associated with anger, hatred (Studies 1\u20133), humiliation and contempt (Study 3), in relation to violence and aggression\u2010related tendencies. Study 1 (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009365) showed that grievance was associated with aggressive outcomes, and Study 2 (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009185) reaffirmed these findings, with hatred showing more consistent associations than anger. Study 3 (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009377) provided experimental evidence that grievance increases negative emotional responses, particularly hatred, which in turn led to violence justification and aggressive inclinations. Indirect associations through other emotions were weak or non\u2010significant. Results highlight the role of multiple emotional pathways through which grievance may relate to violence\u2010related responses among majority groups in polarized intergroup conflicts, with hatred emerging as a consistent emotional pathway.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjso.70135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T07:42:12Z","timestamp":1789976532000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Grievance fuels aggressive intergroup inclinations and justification of political violence through hatred rather than anger"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4397-2777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Alba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia (UNED)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6040-9102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia (UNED)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420180403"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Cultures of grievance: Creating polarization from chosen traumas","volume":"48","author":"Allcorn S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journal of Psychohistory"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Handbook of moral behavior and development","author":"Bandura A.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.52.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0162\u2010895X.00192"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540\u20104560.2007.00518.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_8_1","unstructured":"BBC News. 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