{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:20:37Z","timestamp":1788826837533,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,6]],"date-time":"2013-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n \n To evaluate the gender\u2010specific differential effects of smoking habits and cumulative smoking exposure on outcomes in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (\n UTUC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) treated with radical nephroureterectomy (\n RNU<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n \n A total of 864 consecutive patients, comprising 553 (64%) men and 311 (36%) women, from five international institutions underwent\n RNU<\/jats:styled-content>\n without neoadjuvant chemotherapy.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n Smoking history included smoking status (current, former or never), quantity of cigarettes per day (\n CPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), smoking duration in years and years since smoking cessation. Cumulative smoking exposure was categorized as light short\u2010term (\u226419\n CPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and \u226419.9 years), moderate (all combinations except light short\u2010term and heavy long\u2010term), and heavy long\u2010term (\u226520\n CPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and \u226520 years).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Uni\u2010 and multivariable competing risk regression models were used to assess the associations with outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Overall, 244 (28.2%), 297 (34.4%) and 323 (37.4%) patients were never, former and current smokers, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n There were no differences in smoking status, quantity and duration between the genders.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n In female ever smokers, 30 (9.6%), 121 (38.9%) and 67 (21.5%) were light short\u2010term, moderate and heavy long\u2010term smokers, respectively. Compared with men, female current smokers were more likely to experience disease recurrence in univariable analysis (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.013).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n In heavy long\u2010term smokers, female gender was significantly associated with disease recurrence (hazard ratio [\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ] 1.7;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.03) and cancer\u2010specific mortality (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.0;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.009) in multivariable analysis that adjusted for standard clinico\u2010pathological features.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n In female patients only, smoking quantity, duration and cumulative exposure were associated with disease recurrence and cancer\u2010specific mortality on multivariable analyses (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2264 0.025).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n \n The impact of smoking on\n UTUC<\/jats:styled-content>\n outcomes after\n RNU<\/jats:styled-content>\n is gender\u2010specific.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Females who are current and heavy long\u2010term smokers experience worse outcomes than their male counterparts.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n Further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the gender\u2010specific differential effect of smoking on\n UTUC<\/jats:styled-content>\n outcomes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,6]],"date-time":"2013-03-06T13:58:51Z","timestamp":1362578331000},"page":"623-637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Gender\u2010specific effect of smoking on upper tract urothelial carcinoma outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Rink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medical College New York\u2010Presbyterian Hospital New York NY"},{"name":"University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evanguelos","family":"Xylinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medical College New York\u2010Presbyterian Hospital New York NY"},{"name":"Cochin Hospital APHP Paris Descartes University Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quoc\u2010Dien","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Montreal Montreal QC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yair","family":"Lotan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitaly","family":"Margulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay D.","family":"Raman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penn State Milton S. 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