{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T14:03:16Z","timestamp":1761746596294,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,19]],"date-time":"2013-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n \n To test a novel porcine two\u2010kidney model for evaluating the effect of controlled acute kidney injury (\n AKI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) related to induced unilateral ischaemia on both renal units (\n RUs<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n To use neutrophil gelatinase\u2010associated lipocalin (\n NGAL<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and physiological serum and urinary markers to assess\n AKI<\/jats:styled-content>\n and renal function.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Twelve female Yorkshire pigs had bilateral cutaneous ureterostomies placed laparoscopically with identical duration of pneumoperitoneum for all cases.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n An experimental group (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 9) underwent induced unilateral renal ischaemia with left hilar clamping of timed duration (15, 30, 60\u2009min) and a control group (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 3) had no induced renal ischaemia.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n Urine was collected and analysed from each\n RU<\/jats:styled-content>\n to assess creatinine and\n NGAL<\/jats:styled-content>\n concentration preoperatively and at multiple postoperative time points. Serum was collected and analysed daily for creatinine and\n NGAL<\/jats:styled-content>\n levels.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Statistical comparisons were made using the rank\u2010sum and sign\u2010rank tests.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Three pigs were excluded because of intra\u2010operative and postoperative complications.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n In the\n RUs<\/jats:styled-content>\n that experienced renal ischaemia (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 7),the median urine volume was lower (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.04) at 6, 12, 24 and 48\u2009h and the median\n NGAL<\/jats:styled-content>\n concentration was higher (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.04) at 12 and 48\u2009h compared with the\n RUs<\/jats:styled-content>\n of control pigs that experienced no renal ischaemia (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 2).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n When comparing the ischaemic (left)\n RU<\/jats:styled-content>\n of the pigs in the experimental group with their contralateral non\u2010ischaemic (right)\n RU<\/jats:styled-content>\n , ischaemic\n RUs<\/jats:styled-content>\n had a lower median cumulative urine volume at 6, 12, 24 and 48\u2009h (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.05) and a higher median\n NGAL<\/jats:styled-content>\n concentration at 12, 24 and 48\u2009h (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n At 48\u2009h, no significant increase was found in serum\n NGAL<\/jats:styled-content>\n in pigs in the experimental group compared with controls (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.2).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n Creatinine clearance (\n CC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) was lower in ischaemic\n RUs<\/jats:styled-content>\n compared with non\u2010ischaemic\n RUs<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1 day after surgery (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.04) with decreasing\n CC<\/jats:styled-content>\n as the duration of ischaemia increased.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n \n We have developed a promising novel small\u2010scale pilot surgical model that allowed the evaluation of bilateral\n RU<\/jats:styled-content>\n function separately during and after unilateral renal ischaemia.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n The induction of unilateral renal ischaemia corresponds with physiological changes in both the ischaemic and contralateral\n RU<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n AKI<\/jats:styled-content>\n as measured by increases in\n NGAL<\/jats:styled-content>\n and decreased renal function as measured by decreases in\n CC<\/jats:styled-content>\n , are specific to the\n RU<\/jats:styled-content>\n exposed to ischaemia.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,19]],"date-time":"2013-03-19T07:46:21Z","timestamp":1363679181000},"page":"517-525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Neutrophil gelatinase\u2010associated lipocalin (\n NGAL<\/scp>\n ) levels in response to unilateral renal ischaemia in a novel pilot two\u2010kidney porcine model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Jonathan L.","family":"Silberstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Urology Service Memorial Sloan\u2010Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Preston C.","family":"Sprenkle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Urology Service Memorial Sloan\u2010Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Urology Service Memorial Sloan\u2010Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas E.","family":"Power","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Urology Service Memorial Sloan\u2010Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatum V.","family":"Tarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Urology Service Memorial Sloan\u2010Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Ezell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Animal Resource Center Memorial Sloan\u2010Kettering Cancer Center New York NY 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