{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:45:45Z","timestamp":1787013945757,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,4]],"date-time":"2013-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n \n To present the oncological and functional outcomes of salvage focal (\n SFC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and salvage total (\n STC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) cryoablation for recurrent prostate cancer (\n PCa<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) after failed primary radiotherapy.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n \n From\n M<\/jats:styled-content>\n arch 2003 to\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n ugust 2010, 50 men with biopsy\u2010proven unilateral (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 25) or bilateral (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 25) radio\u2010recurrent\n PCa<\/jats:styled-content>\n underwent\n SFC<\/jats:styled-content>\n or\n STC<\/jats:styled-content>\n , respectively.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n Patients were assessed after treatment by prostate\u2010specific antigen (\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) testing, transrectal ultrasonography, biopsy and questionnaires. Biochemical failure (\n BF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) was defined using the\n P<\/jats:styled-content>\n hoenix criteria (\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n nadir + 2\u2009mg\/mL).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively analysed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n \n The median pre\u2010cryoablation\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n level and\n G<\/jats:styled-content>\n leason score were, respectively, 2.8\u2009ng\/mL and 7 for\n SFC<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and 3.9\u2009ng\/mL and 7 for\n STC<\/jats:styled-content>\n . The median follow\u2010up was 31 and 53 months (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.004) for\n SFC<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n STC<\/jats:styled-content>\n , respectively.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n Oncological outcomes were as follows: no patient died; one patient who underwent\n STC<\/jats:styled-content>\n developed bone metastases; eight patients who underwent\n SFC<\/jats:styled-content>\n and three who underwent\n STC<\/jats:styled-content>\n had\n BF<\/jats:styled-content>\n and the 5\u2010year\n BF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010free survival rates were 54 and 86%, respectively. In those patients without\n BF<\/jats:styled-content>\n , the mean\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n decreased by 86% for\n SFC<\/jats:styled-content>\n and 90% for\n STC<\/jats:styled-content>\n within the first year and remained stable.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n Functional outcomes were as follows: new onset urinary incontinence occurred in three (13%) patients in the\n STC<\/jats:styled-content>\n group, whereas no patient in the\n SFC<\/jats:styled-content>\n group developed incontinence (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.10); Two of seven patients in the\n SFC<\/jats:styled-content>\n group retained postoperative potency, but none of the four potent patients in the\n STC<\/jats:styled-content>\n group recovered potency postoperatively (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.48); one (4%) patient in the\n STC<\/jats:styled-content>\n group developed a recto\u2010urethral fistula, but none occurred in the\n SFC<\/jats:styled-content>\n group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.48).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n \n SFC<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n STC<\/jats:styled-content>\n are feasible and safe with acceptable mid\u2010term oncological outcomes. For carefully selected patients,\n SFC<\/jats:styled-content>\n is an option that could be associated with lower treatment\u2010related morbidity compared with\n STC<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n Although longer follow\u2010up and more patient numbers are needed, our initial oncological and functional outcomes of\n SFC<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n STC<\/jats:styled-content>\n are encouraging.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,4]],"date-time":"2013-07-04T09:59:03Z","timestamp":1372931943000},"page":"298-307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Salvage focal and salvage total cryoablation for locally recurrent prostate cancer after primary radiation therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Andre Luis","family":"de Castro Abreu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Institute of Urology Hillard and Roclyn Herzog Center for Prostate Cancer Focal Therapy Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duke","family":"Bahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Institute of Urology Hillard and Roclyn Herzog Center for Prostate Cancer Focal Therapy Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles"},{"name":"Prostate Institute of America Community Memorial Hospital Ventura CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Leslie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Institute of Urology Hillard and Roclyn Herzog Center for Prostate Cancer Focal Therapy Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunao","family":"Shoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Institute of Urology Hillard and Roclyn Herzog Center for Prostate Cancer Focal Therapy Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Silverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prostate Institute of America Community Memorial Hospital Ventura CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihir M.","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Institute of Urology Hillard and Roclyn Herzog Center for Prostate Cancer Focal Therapy Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inderbir S.","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Institute of Urology Hillard and 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