{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T04:35:27Z","timestamp":1782016527953,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,4]],"date-time":"2013-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n \n To test the clinical and sonographic predictors of testicular torsion (\n TT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) with the aim of reducing negative exploration rates.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n \n We performed a prospective study of all boys treated for \u2018acute scrotum\u2019 at our institute between\n J<\/jats:styled-content>\n anuary 2001 and\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n pril 2012 and clinical findings were documented.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n If available, ultrasonography (\n US<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) was added to the diagnostic evaluation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n A prediction of the diagnosis was based on clinical and sonographic features, and was followed by surgical exploration in all patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n A total of 104 patients were included in the 16\u2010month period of the study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n No single finding excluded\n TT<\/jats:styled-content>\n . The clinical features (pain <24\u2009h, nausea\/vomiting, abnormal cremasteric reflex, high position of the testis) appeared predictive (100% sensitivity) and the clinical scoring system was proven to be reliable, reducing the negative exploration rate by >55%.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n Ultrasound predictors alone were not able to identify all boys with\n TT<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n It is safe to refrain from routine surgical exploration in every child with acute scrotum if the clinical score is applied, which results in a marked reduction of negative explorations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n A reliable diagnosis could not be obtained based on\n US<\/jats:styled-content>\n alone. As scrotal\n US<\/jats:styled-content>\n is unpleasant for the child, we propose to refrain from this if the clinical score is positive. Patients with a negative clinical score are suitable candidates for\n US<\/jats:styled-content>\n to establish and secure diagnosis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,15]],"date-time":"2013-05-15T00:48:17Z","timestamp":1368578897000},"page":"1201-1206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Clinical and sonographic features predict testicular torsion in children: a prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Boettcher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Surgery UKE Medical School Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Krebs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Surgery UKE Medical School Hamburg 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