{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T13:54:06Z","timestamp":1781704446511,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,13]],"date-time":"2013-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1376352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n \n To investigate the suburothelial inflammation and urothelial dysfunction that occurs with ketamine\u2010related cystitis (\n KC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome (\n IC<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n BPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n \n Bladder tissues from 16 patients with\n KC<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 17 patients with\n IC<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n BPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n and 10 control subjects were analysed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n Immunofluorescence staining of the junction protein\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010cadherin was carried out, and tryptase levels and a\n TUNEL<\/jats:styled-content>\n assay were used to assess mast\u2010cell activation and urothelial apoptosis, respectively.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n The fluorescence intensity of\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010cadherin was measured using the\n ImageJ<\/jats:styled-content>\n method. The percentages of activated mast cells and apoptotic cells were calculated as positive cells per unit area (4\u2009\u03bcm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n \n The mean (\n sd<\/jats:sc>\n ) ages of the patients in the\n KC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n IC<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n BPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n and control groups were 25.0 (3.8), 41.3 (13.7) and 50.5 (9.6) years, respectively (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n The mean (\n sd<\/jats:sc>\n ) distributions of\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010cadherin in\n KC<\/jats:styled-content>\n (10.1 [11.2]) and\n IC<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n BPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n (25.1 [16.3]) tissues were significantly lower than in the control tissues (42.4 [16.7]; both\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n The mean (\n sd<\/jats:sc>\n ) number of activated mast cells, measured by tryptase signals in the\n KC<\/jats:styled-content>\n (6.5 [3.7]) and\n IC<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n BPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n (4.6 [3.0]) tissues, were significantly higher than in the control tissues (1.3 [1.12]; both\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n TUNEL<\/jats:styled-content>\n staining showed a significantly higher mean (\n sd<\/jats:sc>\n ) number of apoptotic cells in\n KC<\/jats:styled-content>\n (4.4 [2.5]) and\n IC<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n BPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n (2.4 [1.7]) tissues than in control tissues (0.1 [0.3]; both\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n Tissues from the\n KC<\/jats:styled-content>\n bladders had significantly lower expression of\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010cadherin (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.024) and significantly higher numbers of apoptotic cells (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.02) compared with the\n IC<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n BPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n bladder tissues.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n Greater numbers of apoptotic cells and lower expression levels of\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010cadherin significantly correlated with maximum bladder capacity in the overall patient samples (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n \n KC<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n IC<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n BPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n tissues both showed defective junction protein, increased suburothelial inflammation and increased urothelial cell apoptosis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n Decreased expression of\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010cadherin and increased apoptosis were more severe in\n KC<\/jats:styled-content>\n than in\n IC<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n BPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n bladder tissues and these findings were associated with the clinical symptoms of\n KC<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n IC<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n BPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,23]],"date-time":"2013-05-23T12:23:15Z","timestamp":1369311795000},"page":"1156-1162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Increased apoptosis and suburothelial inflammation in patients with ketamine\u2010related cystitis: a comparison with non\u2010ulcerative interstitial cystitis and controls"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Cheng\u2010Ling","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University Hualien Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan\u2010Hong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University Hualien Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hann\u2010Chorng","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University Hualien 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