{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:13:05Z","timestamp":1791263585762,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,13]],"date-time":"2013-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1376352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"\n \n \n \n The aims of this paper were to review the published literature on the role of\n \n HOX<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n genes in the development of the normal prostate gland and in prostate cancer and to discuss the potential role of the\n \n HOX<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n family member,\n \n E<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ngrailed\u20102<\/jats:italic>\n (\n \n EN2<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ), as a diagnostic test of\n PCa<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n \n Hox<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n genes were first described in the fruit fly\n \n D<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n rosphila melanogaster<\/jats:italic>\n , where they specify the body plan and control the formation of body segments. They belong to a family of homeodomain\u2010containing transcription factors that determine cell and tissue identity during normal embryonic development. They have been shown to be re\u2010expressed by several different types of cancers.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n Studies have shown that different\n \n Hox<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n genes are responsible for the development of the separate lobes of the prostate gland, the seminal vesicles and the epididymis. All\n \n HOX13<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n paralogues are expressed in the adult human prostate, suggesting the possibility of similarities between the function and expression of\n \n HOX<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n genes within urological structures at similar anterior\u2013posterior positions.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n The oncogenic and tumour suppressor signalling pathways associated with\n PCa<\/jats:styled-content>\n converge on the\n \n HOX<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n gene network, which ultimately controls gene expression, affecting tumour formation and metastatic progression.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n The\n \n E<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ngrailed<\/jats:italic>\n genes (\n \n EN1<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2005\n and<\/jats:italic>\n \u2005\n \n EN2<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ) from the\n \n HOX<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n gene family show a very high degree of functional conservation during embryonic development.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n Urinary\n EN2<\/jats:styled-content>\n is being investigated as a potential diagnostic marker of early\n PCa<\/jats:styled-content>\n . It is secreted into the urine by\n PCa<\/jats:styled-content>\n cells but not by normal prostatic tissue. A recent study has shown an association between urinary\n EN2<\/jats:styled-content>\n levels and cancer volume in radical prostatectomy specimens. The ability to predict tumour volume could inform the treatment decision\u2010making process for patients with localized\n PCa<\/jats:styled-content>\n choosing between active surveillance and radical treatment options.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,5]],"date-time":"2013-06-05T08:41:07Z","timestamp":1370421667000},"page":"535-540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Importance of\n \n HOX<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n genes in normal prostate gland formation, prostate cancer development and its early detection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Saqib","family":"Javed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen E.M.","family":"Langley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-492-0_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-2215-4-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mgme.2000.2963"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1723"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.23.12776"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1206808"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.2008.00277.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"470","article-title":"Prostatic hox genes: expression during development and in tramp tumor 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