{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T16:29:31Z","timestamp":1761755371361,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,13]],"date-time":"2013-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1376352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n \n To examine the association between digoxin exposure and mortality in men with prostate cancer using linked\n I<\/jats:styled-content>\n rish\n N<\/jats:styled-content>\n ational\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n ancer\n R<\/jats:styled-content>\n egistry and pharmacy claims data.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Prostate cancer cases were identified from the database and digoxin exposure at prostate cancer diagnosis was identified from prescription claims.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Digoxin users were matched to non\u2010users using a propensity score to identify men with similar cardiovascular comorbidity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n Adjusted hazard ratios (\n HRs<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and 95% confidence intervals (\n CIs<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) were estimated for the association between digoxin exposure and all\u2010cause and prostate cancer\u2010specific mortality (\n PCSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Analyses were repeated in the propensity score\u2010matched cohort.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Effect modification of treatment with radiation or androgen\u2010deprivation therapy by digoxin exposure was also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n In all, 5732 men with a prostate cancer diagnosis (2001\u20132006) were identified (digoxin exposed, 391). The median follow\u2010up was 4.3 years.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n Digoxin exposure was associated with a small non\u2010significant increase in\n PCSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n in the full cohort (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.13, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.91, 1.42) and the propensity. score\u2010matched cohort (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.17, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.88, 1.57).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n Adjusted\n HRs<\/jats:styled-content>\n for all\u2010cause mortality were increased for digoxin exposed men (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.24, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.07, 1.43).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Interactions with treatments received were not significant.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n \n These results suggest digoxin exposure is not associated with reduced\n PCSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Further investigation of other cardiac glycosides that have shown anti\u2010cancer potential may be warranted.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,13]],"date-time":"2013-06-13T07:53:03Z","timestamp":1371109983000},"page":"236-245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["A cohort study of digoxin exposure and mortality in men with prostate cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Evelyn M.","family":"Flahavan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Trinity College University of Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Sharp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Registry Ireland Cork Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Trinity College University of Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas I.","family":"Barron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Trinity College University of Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0809763105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(08)70076-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"988","article-title":"Over\u2010expression of hypoxia\u2010inducible factor 1 alpha increases angiogenesis of LNCaP cells","volume":"13","author":"Han YL","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI35079"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-8062.2011.00376.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-6833"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2011.365"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Digitoxin sensitizes malignant breast cancer cells for radiation in vitro","volume":"31","author":"Haux J","year":"1999","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Onkologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8274.CD-10-0020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910450415"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/028418601750288181"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr2205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.32.8146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.26424"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-1389"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2795"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"Medical Card Information 2012. 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