{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T03:21:04Z","timestamp":1768274464835,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,5]],"date-time":"2014-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Leeds Charitable Trust"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To evaluate the association between urological procedures and the development of infective endocarditis (\n IE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), as there are case\u2010reports linking urological procedures to\n IE<\/jats:styled-content>\n but evidence of a causal relationship is lacking and no major guidelines advise prophylaxis to prevent development of\n IE<\/jats:styled-content>\n during transurethral urological procedures. No case\u2010control study has been undertaken to examine the relationship between urological procedures and the development of\n IE<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Retrospective evaluation of the\n IE<\/jats:styled-content>\n database at our institution.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n The population consisted of patients diagnosed with enterococcal, staphylococcal,\n \n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n treptococcus bovis\n <\/jats:italic>\n \u2010group and oral streptococcal\n IE<\/jats:styled-content>\n over a 10\u2010year period.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Possible risk factors for the development of\n IE<\/jats:styled-content>\n , including urological procedures were collected.\n <\/jats:p>\n A case\u2010control design was used and univariable and multivariable analyses were carried out. Missing data was accounted for using the multiple imputations method.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n We included 384 patients with\n IE<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n \n There was a statistical association between the development of enterococcal\n IE<\/jats:styled-content>\n and preceding urological procedures (odds ratio 8.21, 95% confidence interval 3.54\u201319.05,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Increasing age and being an intravenous drug user were also associated with enterococcal\n IE<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Haemodialysis and the presence of an intracardiac device were associated with the development of coagulase\u2010negative staphyloccal\n IE<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n This is the first study to show a statistical association between urological procedures and the development of\n IE<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n \n The bacteraemia leading to\n IE<\/jats:styled-content>\n may be a result of the urological procedures or a consequence of the underlying urological pathology causing recurrent subclinical bacteraemias.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T09:51:44Z","timestamp":1383299504000},"page":"118-124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A case\u2010control study: are urological procedures risk factors for the development of infective endocarditis?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Amar R.","family":"Mohee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology The Salford Royal NHS Trust Salford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics The University of Leeds Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wazir","family":"Baig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Eardley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan A.T.","family":"Sandoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"481","article-title":"Infective endocarditis \u2013 propylaxis, diagnostic criteria and treatment","volume":"106","author":"Westphal N","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.603"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp285"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"521","volume":"49","author":"Bertelsmann R","year":"1902","journal-title":"Munch Med Wschr"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-6-49"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365540903443140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.758524"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.04.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2008.0346"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2008.147090"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2008.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.183095"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl299"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2008.07937.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.136580"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE).Surgical site infection: prevention and treatment of surgical site infection 2008.http:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/nicemedia\/live\/11743\/42379\/42379.pdf. 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