{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T10:58:48Z","timestamp":1769511528634,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,21]],"date-time":"2015-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To evaluate\n 18<\/jats:sup>\n F<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010fluorocholine positron\u2010emission tomography (\n PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\/computed tomography (\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in restaging patients with a history of prostate adenocarcinoma who have biochemical relapse after early radical treatment, and to correlate the technique's disease detection rate with a set of variables and clinical and pathological parameters.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This was a retrospective multicentre study that included 374 patients referred for choline\u2010\n PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n who had biochemical relapse. In all, 233 patients who met the following inclusion criteria were analysed: diagnosis of prostate cancer; early radical treatment; biochemical relapse; main clinical and pathological variables; and clinical, pathological and imaging data needed to validate the results. Criteria used to validate the\n PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n : findings from other imaging techniques, clinical follow\u2010up, treatment response and histological analysis. Different statistical tests were used depending on the distribution of the data to correlate the results of the choline\u2010\n PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n with qualitative [\n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n stage,\n N<\/jats:styled-content>\n stage, early radical prostatectomy (\n RP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) vs other treatments, hormone therapy concomitant to choline\u2010\n PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ] and quantitative [age,\n G<\/jats:styled-content>\n leason score, prostate\u2010specific antigen (\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) levels at diagnosis,\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n nadir,\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n level on the day of the choline\u2010\n PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n rigger\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n doubling time (\n PSADT<\/jats:styled-content>\n )] variables. We analysed whether there were independent predictive factors associated with positive\n PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n results.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Choline\u2010\n PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n was positive in 111 of 233 patients (detection rate 47.6%) and negative in 122 (52.4%). Disease locations: prostate or prostate bed in 26 patients (23.4%); regional and\/or distant lymph nodes in 52 (46.8%); and metastatic bone disease in 33 (29.7%). Positive findings were validated by: results from other imaging techniques in 35 patients (15.0%); at least 6 months of clinical follow\u2010up in 136 (58.4%); treatment response in 24 (10.3%); histological analysis of lesions in 17 (7.3%); and follow\u2010up plus imaging results in 21 (9.0%). The statistical analysis of qualitative variables, corresponding to patients' clinical characteristics, and the positive\/negative final\n PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n results revealed that only whether or not early treatment with\n RP<\/jats:styled-content>\n was done was statistically significant (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), with the number of positive results higher in patients who did not undergo a\n RP<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Among the quantitative variables,\n G<\/jats:styled-content>\n leason score,\n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n rigger\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n PSADT<\/jats:styled-content>\n clearly differentiated the two patient groups (positive and negative choline\u2010\n PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n :\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.010,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001 and\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.025, respectively). A\n G<\/jats:styled-content>\n leason score of <5 or \u22658 clearly differentiated positive from negative\n PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Trigger\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n : mean of 8\u2009ng\/mL for positive\n PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n vs 2.8\u2009ng\/mL for negative\n PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ;\n PSADT<\/jats:styled-content>\n : mean of 8 months for positive vs 12.6 months for negative. The optimal threshold values were: 3\u2009ng\/mL for Trigger\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n level and 6 months for\n PSADT<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n Y<\/jats:styled-content>\n ouden index\/receiver operating characteristic curve). Analysing these two variables together showed that\n PSADT<\/jats:styled-content>\n was more conclusive in patients with lower\n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n rigger\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n levels. Analysing variables by location showed that only\n PSADT<\/jats:styled-content>\n was able to differentiate between those with disease confined to the prostate compared with the other two locations (lymph nodes and bone), with shorter\n PSADT<\/jats:styled-content>\n in these two, which was statistically significant (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.002). In the patient group with a\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n level of <1.5\u2009ng\/mL, 30.8% had the disease, 7% of whom had metastatic bone disease. In the multivariate logistic regression, the risks factors that were clearly independent for those with positive\n PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n were:\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n level of >3\u2009ng\/mL, no early\n RP<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and\n G<\/jats:styled-content>\n leason score of \u22658.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Our results support the usefulness of\n 18<\/jats:sup>\n F<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010fluorocholine\n PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n in biochemical relapse of prostate cancer after radical treatment, with an overall disease detection rate close to 50%, and it can be recommended as first\u2010line treatment. As mentioned above, besides\n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n rigger\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n levels, there are other clinical and pathological variables that need to be considered so as to screen patients properly and thus minimise the number of nodular lesions and increase the diagnostic accuracy of the examination.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,13]],"date-time":"2014-10-13T04:23:52Z","timestamp":1413174232000},"page":"874-883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Clinical utility of\n 18<\/sup>\n F<\/scp>\n \u2010fluorocholine positron\u2010emission tomography\/computed tomography (\n PET<\/scp>\n \/\n CT<\/scp>\n ) in biochemical relapse of prostate cancer after radical treatment: results of a multicentre study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Sonia","family":"Rodado\u2010Marina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine La Paz Universitary Hospital Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Coronado\u2010Poggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine La Paz Universitary Hospital Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Mar\u00eda","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Universitary Hospital Ciudad Real Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose Ram\u00f3n","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Garz\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CETIR Unitat PET Esplugues Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Alonso\u2010Farto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n Universitary Hospital Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aurora Crespo","family":"de la Jara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Quir\u00f3n Hospital Torrevieja Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Maldonado\u2010Su\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quir\u00f3n Universitary Hospital Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Virgen de las Nieves Universitary Hospital Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"Cabanes DomenechA Perez GomezB Aragon\u00e9sN Poll\u00e1nM Lopez\u2010AbenteG.La Situaci\u00f3n Del C\u00e1ncer En Espa\u00f1a 1975\u20132006. 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