{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T12:49:30Z","timestamp":1774615770681,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,23]],"date-time":"2015-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21DK090595"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21DK090595"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03CA143949"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03CA143949"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007338","name":"Foundation for Barnes-Jewish Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K12DK083021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12DK083021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To examine whether a history of sexually transmitted infections (\n STI<\/jats:styled-content>\n s) or positive\n STI<\/jats:styled-content>\n serology is associated with prevalent and incident benign prostatic hyperplasia (\n BPH<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\/lower urinary tract symptoms (\n LUTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\u2010related outcomes in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Self\u2010reported history of\n STI<\/jats:styled-content>\n s (gonorrhoea, syphilis) was ascertained at baseline, and serological evidence of\n STI<\/jats:styled-content>\n s (\n Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n , human papillomavirus (\n HPV<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\u201016,\n HPV<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201018, herpes simplex virus type 2, human herpesvirus type 8 and cytomegalovirus) was detected in baseline serum specimens. We used data collected on the baseline questionnaire, as well as results from the baseline prostate\u2010specific antigen (\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) test and digital rectal examination (\n DRE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), to define prevalent\n BPH<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n LUTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010related outcomes as evidence of\n LUTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n (self\u2010reported diagnosis of an enlarged prostate\/\n BPH<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n BPH<\/jats:styled-content>\n surgery or nocturia [waking \u22652 times\/night to urinate]) and evidence of prostate enlargement (\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n > 1.4\u00a0ng\/\n mL<\/jats:styled-content>\n or prostate volume \u226530 mL) in men without prostate cancer. We created a similar definition of incident\n BPH<\/jats:styled-content>\n using data from the follow\u2010up questionnaire completed 5\u201313\u00a0years after enrolment (self\u2010reported diagnosis of an enlarged prostate\/\n BPH<\/jats:styled-content>\n or nocturia), data on finasteride use during follow\u2010up, and results from the follow\u2010up\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n tests and\n DRE<\/jats:styled-content>\n s. We used Poisson regression with robust variance estimation to calculate prevalence ratios (\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n s) in our cross\u2010sectional analysis of self\u2010reported (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 32\u00a0900) and serologically detected\n STI<\/jats:styled-content>\n s (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 1\u00a0143) with prevalent\n BPH<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n LUTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and risk ratios in our prospective analysis of self\u2010reported\n STI<\/jats:styled-content>\n s with incident\n BPH<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n LUTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 5\u00a0226).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Generally null results were observed for associations of a self\u2010reported history of\n STI<\/jats:styled-content>\n s and positive\n STI<\/jats:styled-content>\n serologies with prevalent and incident\n BPH<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n LUTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010related outcomes, with the possible exception of\n T.\u00a0vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n infection. This\n STI<\/jats:styled-content>\n was positively associated with prevalent nocturia (\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.36, 95% confidence interval (\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) 1.18\u20131.65), prevalent large prostate volume (\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.21 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.02\u20131.43), and any prevalent\n BPH<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n LUTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.32 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.09\u20131.61); too few men had information on both\n STI<\/jats:styled-content>\n serologies and incident\n BPH<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n LUTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n to investigate the associations between\n T.\u00a0vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n infection and incident\n BPH<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n LUTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010related outcomes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Our findings do not support associations of several known\n STI<\/jats:styled-content>\n s with\n BPH<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n LUTS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010related outcomes, although\n T.\u00a0vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n infection may warrant further study.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,20]],"date-time":"2015-01-20T02:37:24Z","timestamp":1421721444000},"page":"145-154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Sexually transmitted infections, benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptom\u2010related outcomes: results from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Benjamin N.","family":"Breyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Yi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics Department of Health and Human Services National Cancer Institute, NIH Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles S.","family":"Rabkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics Department of Health and Human Services National Cancer Institute, NIH Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John F.","family":"Alderete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular Biosciences College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Pullman WA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ratna","family":"Pakpahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health Sciences Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tracey S.","family":"Beason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health Sciences Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stacey A.","family":"Kenfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerome","family":"Mabie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Management Services Rockville MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Ragard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westat Rockville MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen Y.","family":"Wolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coeus Health Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Robert L.","family":"Grubb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urologic Surgery Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA"},{"name":"Alvin J. 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