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Studies were identified independently by two reviewers using electronic searches of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEDLINE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OVID<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (from\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      anuary 2004 to\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ugust 2014) and hand searches of reference lists and review articles.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In patients with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      disorders, neuro\u2010urological assessment is recommended for both genders before starting any treatment for sexual dysfunction. For men, blood sexual hormones evaluation is the main investigation performed before phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDE5Is<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) treatment, whereas there is no consensus on routine laboratory tests for women.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDE5Is<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      are the first\u2010line medical treatment for men, with the most robust data derived from patients with spinal cord injury assessed by validated questionnaires, mainly the International\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ndex of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      rectile\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      unction\u201015. There is no effective medical treatment for sexual dysfunction in women. Sacral neuromodulation for lower urinary tract dysfunction may improve sexual dysfunction in both genders.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Although sexual dysfunction is a major burden for patients with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      disorders, high\u2010evidence level studies are rare and only available for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDE5Is<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      treating erectile dysfunction. Well\u2010designed prospective studies are urgently needed for both genders.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,19]],"date-time":"2015-01-19T23:26:44Z","timestamp":1421710004000},"page":"47-56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Management of sexual dysfunction due to central nervous system disorders: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro\u2010Urology Department Careggi University Hospital  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Musco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro\u2010Urology Department Careggi University Hospital  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Kessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro\u2010Urology Spinal Cord Injury Center and Research Balgrist University Hospital University of Z\u00fcrich  Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo Li","family":"Marzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Urologica II Careggi University Hospital  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Lanciotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Urologica I Careggi University Hospital  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Del Popolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro\u2010Urology Department Careggi University Hospital  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60238-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"BlokB PannekJ Castro\u2010DiazDet\u2009al.Guidelines on Neuro\u2010Urology European Association of Urology Guidelines 2015edition. 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